It’s very difficult to understand the mechanism producing solar magnetic fields, as it mingled with various activities, it also hindered by gaseous model of the sun; an alternative view is suggested based on characteristics of electrons exhibited in electric current; in 1820 Ørsted discovered both the relation between electricity and magnesium and the Circular Magnetic Field (CMF) produced by electric current, later discovered its produced by electrons in motion; thus the bulky rotation of charged particles (electrons, protons and ions) in tornado mode, produced intense CMF, designated as Plasma Pillar Intense Magnetic Field (PPIMF) with magnitude exceeds millions Tesla; and since EUV images in F-A, illustrates subsurface intense Magnetic Lines of Force (MLF), it also shows activities of Solar Flare (SF), both are suggested as due to PPIMF, which accounted for most solar activities, the Active Region (AR) as in F-B suggested to represent the PPIMF, where AR near surface are in circle, while AR at deep depth in squares; at deep depths the influence of PPIMF on photosphere during quiet sun resulted in pairs of negative and positive magnetic fields represented by magnetogram in F-C; during active sun, PPIMF raise nearer photosphere, it’s negative and positive fields interacted with the photosphere’s state, resulted in pairs of sunspots in F-D, look like iron filings, but formed by plasma, their shapes determined by proximity to PPIMF; as charged particles gyrate around the pillar, any increase in field’s intensity reduced radius of gyration, hence the adjacent distances between ions, thus at critical distance Solar Flare (SF) is triggered producing great energy, radiations and plasma including heavy ions; this knowledge will unlock dynamics of the sun, it’s internal structures and related mechanisms, it will help attained the alternative renewable energy, avert negative consequences of climate change, improve prediction of solar activity and space weather among others.

Mahmoud E. Yousif

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Abstract The repetitive narrative that, “Tsunami waves and receded coastal water initiated by an earthquake are closely related,” is analyzed through the sequential events that followed the earthquake; a mechanism based on the interaction of receded water with magma is suggested to explain the amplification of Tsunami wave deep beneath the ocean floor (Fig.1), where earthquake occurred under the seabed’s or in coastline; the mechanism explained how the water is amplified into steam in the magma chamber, as its volume increased 1,700 times, the transformed water encompass the tremendous force that uplifted the ocean water endowed it with such destructive force; the mechanism explained characteristics related to Tsunami wave, including relation with earthquake and volcano, receding costal water, the foams, inundation, runup, the nature of the great force of Tsunami, ideas to calculate the magnitude of Tsunami force and energy, volume of receded water, volume of tsunami wave, the repetition of its wave; these and related issues are stated; the idea is derived based on the continual flow of lava from earth’s interior and the existence of magma reservoir bellow earth’s surface in places like Yellowstone in USA and hotspot beneath Hawaii, such magma chamber when existed under seabed, if opened by crack during earthquake, can easily lead to an interaction between receded water and the magma, resulted in the suggested mechanism, all is based on logical analyses and deep thinking to attained the Tsunami Mechanism in response to 2004 and 2011 human tragedies; thus understanding this mechanism will help laying measures to counter the phenomenon, which will reflect positively in saving lives and mitigate its destructive force and reduce consequences of its impact on local societies and above all to understand its true mechanism.