Accurate Simulation of Both Sensitivity and Variability for Amazonian
Photosynthesis: Too Much to Ask
Abstract
Causes of climate predictions’ uncertainty include wide spread in
modeled gross primary productivity (GPP) for evergreen broadleaf
forests. Deterministic predictions inherently lack the portion of
variability that a regression’s error term summarizes. Omitted
predictors’ contribution to error represent simulations’ necessary
underestimation of real variability. Earth system model outputs with
high variability relative to reference data warrant skeptical
examination. We compare three statistical and 15 process models to
site-level means, seasonal amplitude and driver responsiveness of GPP as
calculated at six Amazon eddy covariance (EC) towers. Current month’s
weather determines only 12% of the variability in EC GPP, implying that
models whose predicted GPP’s variability approaches that of EC GPP
probably are substantially hypersensitive to weather drivers. Roughly
half the models have stronger seasonal GPP variability than ECs show,
and inaccurately identify the timing of annual minimum GPP. Responses to
temperature and light for some highly seasonal models are of the
opposite sign as EC GPP’s. Strongly seasonal models’ deepest dip in
photosynthesis both occurs later in the dry season and is more severe
than EC estimates. Excessive reactivity to drivers appears to cause the
high simulated variability of the strongly seasonal models.