In the South Andes western edge, a very active seismic contact, with earthquakes up to magnitude $9.5$ and ca. $4000\thinspace\textnormal{km}$ extension threatens cities and very large populations. The existence of modern seismological networks along the contact allowed the observation of unprecedented earthquake cycle characteristics, which can improve our ability to estimate earthquake hazard, a main objective of seismology. Using dimensional and similarity analysis techniques, we show precise mechanical conditions under which the earthquake generation process unfolds, and derive a set of scaling equations linking renormalized variables. Later on, we test our theoretical results using a curated earthquake point-catalog by using gridding, box-counting, statistical bootstrap and fixed-point iteration collapse techniques. We found non-trivial scaling laws valid across multiple orders of magnitude capable of describing a complex interplay between renormalized earthquake occurrence and renormalized moment release rate. We discuss finite-strain and seismic-moment release-rate conditions; declustering, foreshock, mainshock, aftershock notions; cutoff magnitudes, earthquake hazard implications and a possible large-scale tectonic energy transfer mechanism.

Decades of seismological observations have highlighted the variability of foreshock occurrence prior to natural earthquakes, making thus difficult to track how earthquakes start. Here, we report on three stick-slip experiments performed on cylindrical samples of Indian metagabbro under upper crustal stress conditions (30-60 MPa). Acoustic emissions (AEs) were continuously recorded by 8 calibrated acoustic sensors during the experiments. Seismological parameters of the detected AEs (-8.8 <= Mw <= -7 ) follow the scaling law between moment magnitude and corner frequency that characterizes natural earthquakes. AE activity always increases towards failure and is found to be driven by along fault slip velocity. The stacked AE foreshock sequences follow an inverse power-law of the time to failure (inverse Omori), with a characteristic Omori time c inversely proportional to normal stress and nucleation length. AEs moment magnitudes increase towards failure, as manifested by a decrease in b-value from ~ 1 to ~ 0.5 at the end of the nucleation process. During nucleation, the averaged distance of foreshocks to mainshock continuously decreases, highlighting the fast migration of foreshocks towards the mainshock epicenter location, and stabilizing at a distance from the latter compatible with the predicted Rate-and-State nucleation size. Finally, the seismic component of the nucleation phase is orders of magnitude smaller than that of its aseismic component, which suggests that foreshocks are the byproducts of a process almost fully aseismic. Seismic/aseismic energy release ratio continuously increases during nucleation, which starts as a fully aseismic process and evolves towards a cascading process.

Seismic history of the Mosha fault, the most important active fault of Eastern Tehran metropolis, and its relation to the activity of Damavand Volcano, the highest mountain of the Middle-East, is investigated. Historical earthquakes cover the three segments of the Mosha fault by three 6.5