Superposed Epoch Analysis of Nighttime Magnetic Perturbation Events
Observed in Arctic Canada
Abstract
Rapid changes of magnetic fields associated with nighttime magnetic
perturbation events (MPEs) with amplitudes |ΔB| of
hundreds of nT and 5-10 min duration can induce geomagnetically-induced
currents (GICs) that can harm technological systems. Here we present
superposed epoch analyses of large nighttime MPEs
(|dB/dt| ≥ 6 nT/s) observed during 2015 and 2017 at
five stations in Arctic Canada ranging from 64.7° to 75.2° in corrected
geomagnetic latitude (MLAT) as functions of the interplanetary magnetic
field (IMF), solar wind dynamic pressure, density, and velocity, and the
SML, SMU, and SYM/H geomagnetic activity indices. Analyses were produced
for premidnight and postmidnight events and for three ranges of time
after the most recent substorm onset: A) 0-30 min, B) 30-60 min, and C)
>60 min. Of the solar wind and IMF parameters studied, only
the IMF Bz component showed any consistent temporal variations prior to
MPEs: a 1-2 hour wide 1-3 nT negative minimum at all stations beginning
~30 to 80 min before premidnight MPEs, and minima that
were less consistent but often deeper before postmidnight MPEs. Median,
25th, and 75th percentile SuperMAG
auroral indices SML (SMU) showed drops (rises) before pre- and
post-midnight type A MPEs, but most of the MPEs in categories B and C
did not coincide with large-scale peaks in ionospheric electrojets.
Median SYM/H indices were flat near -30 nT for premidnight events and
showed no consistent temporal association with any MPE events. More
disturbed values of IMF Bz, Psw, Nsw, SML, SMU, and SYM/H appeared
postmidnight than premidnight.