Narrow calcific aortic roots with low coronary heights present challenges for a successful trans-catheter aortic valve replacement. We describe a case where pre-emptive coronary protection and chimney stent-in-stent procedure was successfully performed during a cardiac arrest secondary to coronary occlusion and restricted TAVI valve deployment in such an anatomy.

The estimation of demographic parameters is a key component of evolutionary demography and conservation biology. Capture-mark-recapture methods have served as a fundamental tool for estimating demographic parameters. The accurate estimation of demographic parameters in capture-mark-recapture studies depends on accurate modeling of the observation process. Classic capture-mark-recapture models typically model the observation process as a Bernoulli or categorical trial with some detection probability conditional on a marked individual’s availability for detection (e.g., alive, or alive and present in a study area). Alternatives to this approach are underused, but may have great utility in capture-recapture studies. In this paper we explore a simple concept: in the same way that counts contain more information about abundance than simple detection/non-detection data, the number of encounters of individuals during observation occasions contain more information about the observation process than detection/non-detection data for individuals during the same occasion. Rather than using Bernoulli or categorical distributions to estimate detection probability, we demonstrate the application of zero-inflated Poisson and gamma-Poisson distributions. This allows for inference on availability for encounter (i.e., temporary emigration), as well as a wide variety of parameterizations for heterogeneity in the observation process. We demonstrate that this approach can accurately recover demographic and observation parameters in the presence of individual heterogeneity in detection probability, and discuss some potential future extensions of this method.

We describe a case in which a 41-year-old pregnant female with pycnodysostosis presented for elective cesarean section at week 37 + 5 of pregnancy. To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first reported case of pycnodysostosis during pregnancy in Oman.

1. Non-native ungulate grazing has negatively impacted native species across the globe, leading to massive loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite their pervasiveness, interactions between grazers and native species are not fully understood. We often observe declines in demography or survival of these native species, but lack understanding about the mechanisms underlying these declines. Physiological stress represents one mechanism of (mal)adaptation but data are sparse. 2. We investigated glucocorticoid levels in a native avian herbivore exposed to different intensities of non-native grazing in the cold desert Great Basin ecosystem, USA. We measured corticosterone, a glucocorticoid in birds, in feathers for a large sample (n = 280) of female Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) from three study areas in Northern Nevada and Southern Oregon with different grazing regimes of livestock and feral horses. 3. We found greater feral horse density was associated with higher corticosterone levels, and this effect was exacerbated by drought conditions. Livestock grazing produced similar results; however there was more model uncertainty about the livestock effect. Subsequent nesting success was lower with increased feather corticosterone, but corticosterone levels were not predictive of other vital rates. 4. Our results indicate a physiological response by sage-grouse to grazing pressure from non-native grazers. We found substantial among-individual variation in the strength of the response. These adverse effects were intensified during unfavorable weather events, highlighting the need to reevaluate management strategies in the face of climate change.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease and may be associated with many autoimmune conditions. hypoparathyroidism as an initial presentation of SLE is still a rare condition. In this study, we reported a young woman who presented the sign and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism.

TITLE: Letter to the Editor: The choice of palliative arterial switch operation as an alternative for selected cases in a single center: Experience and midterm resultsARTICLE TYPE: letter to the editorCORRESPONDENCE: 1 . Arun KumarContact: +92 331 3856579 Email: [email protected]: Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, SukkurAddress: Flat No 108 Columbus Tower Teen Talwar Karachi

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) emerge as a severe stressor in marine ecosystems. Extreme warm sea surface temperatures during MHWs are often beyond the optimal thermal range and beyond one generation of tropical coastal zooplankton. However, it is relatively unknown whether transgenerational MHW effect may shape the offspring fitness, particularly in an ecologically relevant context with biotic interactions such as predation stress. We addressed these novel research questions by quantifying the reproductive success, grazing, and survival of copepod Pseudodiaptomus incisus exposed to MHW and fish predator cues (FPC) for two generations (F1 and F2). There were four F1 treatments [(control or F1-MHW) × (no FPC or F1-FPC)] and 16 F2 treatments [(control or F1-MHW) × (no F1-FPC or F1-FPC)] × [(control or F2-MHW × no F2-FPC or F2-FPC)]. In both generations, P. incisus performance was substantially lowered in MHW, but slightly higher in FPC, particularly in control temperature. F2 reproductive success and cumulative faecals were reduced by 20-30% in F1-MHW, but increased by ~2% in F1-FPC. Strikingly, direct MHW exposure strongly reduced survival, but transgenerational MHW exposure ameliorated its lethal effect and was independent of FPC. The increased survival came with a cost of reduced reproductive success, constrained by reduced grazing. The rapid transgenerational MHW acclimation and its associated costs are likely widespread and crucial mechanisms underlying the resilience of coastal tropical zooplankton to MHWs under high predation pressure in the tropical coastal marine ecosystems.

The utilization of lignin remains a great challenge due to its complex non-repetitive structure and the lack of efficient catalyst. Herein, a single-atom catalyst Ni@N-C was designed via a facile chelation-anchored strategy. Ni atoms were immobilized on the N-doped carbon carrier by a two-stage pyrolysis of a mixture of D-glucosamine hydrochloride, nickel acetate and melamine. D-glucosamine hydrochloride as a chelating agent prevented the aggregation of Ni2+, and melamine provided enough N to anchor Ni by forming Ni-N4 structure. Ni@N-C gave a 31.2% yield of aromatic compounds from lignin hydrogenolysis, which was twice higher than that achieved by Ni cluster catalyst. Based on the experimental and DFT calculation results, the higher activity of Ni@N-C was attributed to its lower H2 dissociation energy and the reduced energy barriers of the transition states. The strategy described opens an efficient green avenue for preparing single-atom catalyst that possesses outstanding activity in lignin depolymerization.

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that affects human health by causing numerous diseases and by being used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) has been extensively utilized to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying arsenic toxicity and resistance in eukaryotes. In this study, we applied a genomic DNA overexpression strategy to identify yeast genes that provide arsenic resistance in wild-type and arsenic-sensitive S. cerevisiae cells. In addition to known arsenic-related genes, our genetic screen revealed novel genes, including PHO86, VBA3, UGP1, and TUL1, whose overexpression conferred resistance. To gain insights into possible resistance mechanisms, we addressed the contribution of these genes to cell growth, intracellular arsenic, and protein aggregation during arsenate exposure. Overexpression of PHO86 resulted in higher cellular arsenic levels but no additional effect on protein aggregation, indicating that these cells efficiently protect their intracellular environment. VBA3 overexpression caused resistance despite higher intracellular arsenic and protein aggregation levels. Overexpression of UGP1 led to lower intracellular arsenic and protein aggregation levels whilst TUL1 overexpression had no impact on intracellular arsenic or protein aggregation levels. Thus, the identified genes appear to confer arsenic resistance through distinct mechanisms but the molecular details remain to be elucidated.

The loss of function of the FLNA gene may result in impairment of the filamin A protein. Of the many clinical syndromes, this condition may produce lung disease. This usually presents itself and is diagnosed in the infant/toddler age group that may mimic broncho-pulmonary-dysplasia. It is part of the entities included in Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease (chILD) group of disorders. We are reporting on a patient that was diagnosed at eleven years of age. This case provides a unique insight into the long-term course of lung disease in this illness and broadens our understanding of the spectrum of its presentation. Although the patient had symptoms very early in life, the diagnosis may not have been entertained because of the rarity of the disorder, its atypical presentation, and discontinuous care due to parents moving to different cities for reasons of employment. Her initial presentation to our institution was for pneumonia. Due to the highly unusual chest x-ray images, asthenia, and early clubbing, an extensive work up was undertaken that included further imaging and a lung biopsy. The final diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of FLNA LOF gene mutation.

It is generally believed that there is only one species, Nectogale elegans in the genus Nectogale. However, the validity of the species status of Nectogale sikhimensis has been controversial, and the phylogenetic relationship of this genus has not been well resolved. In this study, the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and eight nuclear genes were used to infer the molecular phylogenetic relationship of the genus. The results of phylogenetic trees indicated that Nectogale was divided into two large lineages—Group A from Tibet and Group B from Sichuan and Yunnan. The divergence time between the two groups was estimated to be 5.76 million years. The genetic distance of K2P between the two groups was over 14%. Some morphological differences were also found in Groups A and B, including the skull size, shape of the second upper molar (M2), first lower unicuspid (a1), and palatal suture. In consideration of the large genetic distance, divergence time, and morphological differences, we recover the species status of N. sikhimensis and support that Nectogale consists of two species.

This study investigated whether Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor (Kaftrio ®), a cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator, could improve exercise capacity in adolescents with CF. After six weeks treatment, Kaftrio ® improved both maximal and submaximal indices of aerobic fitness. Improvements were independent of changes in ventilatory function during exercise and physical activity. Interestingly, pulmonary oxygen uptake per unit of power output was higher in two, out of three, cases who presented with more severe CF lung disease. These findings suggest improved O 2 extraction and/or consumption in the exercising muscle and demonstrate, for the first time, that short-term treatment with Kaftrio ® might improve aerobic fitness in people with CF, especially in those with more severe lung disease and deconditioning.

Our case was a pediatric patient with very extensive lung involvement who also had involvement in other organs. We believe our case demonstrates clinical features that are complementary for the case series by Mfingwana L and colleagues and thus, will be beneficial for the readers.

The patient was a 52-year-old woman with approximately 6 years' history of uncontrolled diabetes mellites and hypothyroidism, who presented with cough, sputum and dyspnea 2 months ago.

Pulmonary inflammatory myo-fibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare condition in normal population and specifically in pediatric population. We reported a 9-year-old male child presented by cough and intermittent fever and weight-loss that was mostly suggestive for infectious process. We reviewed the consideration of diagnosis and treatment and other previous cases.

Robust estimates of demographic parameters are critical for effective wildlife conservation and management, but are difficult to obtain for elusive species. We estimated the breeding and adult population sizes, as well as the minimum population size, in a high-density brown bear population on the Shiretoko Peninsula, in Hokkaido, Japan, using DNA-based pedigree reconstruction. A total of 1,288 individuals, collected in and around the Shiretoko Peninsula between 1998 and 2020, were genotyped at 21 microsatellite loci. Among them, 499 individuals were identified by intensive genetic sampling conducted in two consecutive years (2019 and 2020) mainly by noninvasive methods (e.g., hair and fecal DNA). Among them, both parents were assigned for 330 bears, and either maternity or paternity was assigned to 47 and 76 individuals, respectively. The subsequent pedigree reconstruction indicated a range of breeding and adult (≥4 years old) population sizes: 128–173 for female breeders and 66–91 male breeders, and 155–200 for female adults and 84–109 male adults. The minimum population size was estimated to be 449 (252 females and 197 males) in 2019. Long-term continuous genetic sampling prior to a short-term intensive survey would enable parentage to be identified in a population with a high probability, thus enabling reliable estimates of breeding population size for elusive species.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple skin manifestations have been described. These include an urticarial rash, morbilliform rash, maculopapular rash, vascular lesions, and varicella-like eruptions. A 30-year-old woman presented with a mild cough, then hives and pruritic rash for 3 days, followed by fever, dyspepsia, and throat pain for one day.

We experienced a case of iatrogenic intramucosal esophageal dissection in a patient who had difficulty inserting a gastric tube. CT is useful for diagnosis.