Climate warming alters the seasonal timing of biological events. This raises concerns that species-specific responses to warming may de-synchronize co-evolved consumer-resource phenologies, resulting in trophic mismatch and altered ecosystem dynamics. Here we explore effects of warming on the temporal coherence of two key phenological events in lakes across Europe: The onset of the phytoplankton spring bloom and the spring/summer maximum of the grazer Daphnia. Simulation of 1,891,744 lake years revealed that, under the current climate, the phenological delay between the two events varies greatly (20-190 days) across lake types and geographic locations. Warming moves both phenological events forward in time and can predictably lengthen or shorten the delay between them by up to 60 days. Our findings expose large extant variation in phenological synchrony of planktonic organisms, provide quantitative predictions of its dependence on physical lake properties and geographic location, and highlight research needs concerning its ecological consequences.

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a popular method for measuring gene expression in non-model organisms, including wild populations. While RNA-Seq can measure gene expression variation among wild-caught individuals and can yield important biological insights into organism function, sampling methods may also influence gene expression estimates. We examined the influence of multiple technical variables on estimated gene expression in a non-model fish, the westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), using two RNA-Seq library types: 3’ RNA-Seq and whole mRNA-Seq. We evaluated effects of dip netting versus electrofishing, and of harvesting tissue immediately versus 5 minutes after euthanasia on estimated gene expression in blood, gill, and muscle. We detected 30% more genes with whole mRNA-Seq than with 3’ RNA-Seq and found that 58% of genes were significantly differently expressed between 3’ RNA-Seq and whole mRNA-Seq. Our findings indicate that 3’ RNA-Seq and whole mRNA-Seq are robust to the technical variables related to the field sampling approaches tested here with a lack of differential gene expression among sampling methods and tissue collection time after euthanasia. However, we found that gene expression varied based on which RNA-Seq library type was used on the same set of samples. Our study suggests researchers could safely rely on different fish sampling strategies in the field and save money and analyze more individuals using 3’ RNA-Seq, but should use whole mRNA-Seq when working with a species without good genomic resources, and when maximizing the number of genes identified and detecting alternative splicing are important.

The koala, one of the most iconic Australian wildlife species, is facing several concomitant threats that are driving population declines. Some threats are well known and have clear methods of prevention (e.g. habitat loss can be reduced with stronger land-clearing control), whereas others are less easily addressed. One of the major current threats to koalas is chlamydial disease, which can have major impacts on individual survival and reproduction rates, and can translate into population declines. Effective management strategies for the disease in the wild are currently lacking, and to date we know little about the determinants of individual susceptibility to disease. Here we used a rare opportunity to investigate the genetic basis of variation in susceptibility to chlamydia using one of the most intensively studied wild koala populations. We combine data from veterinary examinations, chlamydia testing, genetic sampling and movement monitoring. Out of our sample of 342 wild koalas, 60 were found to have chlamydia. Using genotype information on 8649 SNPs to investigate the role of genetic characteristics in determining disease status, we found no evidence of inbreeding depression, but a heritability of 0.14 (95%CI: 0.06 – 0.23) for the probability that koalas had chlamydia. Heritability of susceptibility to chlamydia could be relevant for future disease management in koalas, as it suggests the potential to select for disease resilience through assisted breeding.

Klippel Feil Syndrome (KFS) is a congenital skeletal disorder with genitourinary disorder. We report a case of KFS with associated anomalies such as, short neck, limitation of neck movement and dextrocardia who received successful cadaveric kidney transplantation. Keywords: Klippel Feil Syndrome, Kidney transplant, ESRD, Difficult airway, Limited neck movement

Acute sialadenitis is one of the rare adverse effects of Azathioprine. We report a case of acute submandibular sialadenitis following initiation of Azathioprine which resolved upon discontinuation of the drug.

We report a modified minimally invasive surgery for thoracic pyogenic spondylitis by single-stage posterior fixation with curettage of the spinal anterior segments and autogenous iliac bone grafting using a separate posterolateral approach. This surgical method avoids contamination of spinal implants by maintaining a muscular barrier from the curettage/grafting site.

Congenital bronchial webs are extremely rare and usually remain undiagnosed due to non-specific symptoms. Herein, we reported a 4-years-old case of the bronchial web who was initially undiagnosed upon bronchoscopy following foreign-body aspiration and afterward misdiagnosed as childhood asthma through his consistent cough and exertional dyspnea for several months.

This clinical image presents unexpected bronchial dilatations with radiographic images suggestive of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. The aim is to remind the value of thoracic imaging in the early diagnosis of bronchopulmonary pathologies to improve the prognosis of patients.

This article concerns the dynamic transitions of a non-Newtonian horizontal fluid layer with thermal and solute diffusion and in the presence of vertical magnetic field. First, a linear stability analysis is done by deriving the principle of exchange of stability condition, which shows the system loses stability when thermal Rayleigh number exceeds a critical threshold. Second, we considered the transition induced by real eigenvalues and complex eigenvalues, respectively, and two nonlinear transition theorems along with several transition numbers determining the transition types are obtained via the method of center manifold reduction. Finally, rigorous numerical computations are performed to offer examples of possible transitions, as well as the stable convection patterns. Our results show that when the diffusivities from big to small are thermal, solute concentration and magnetic diffusion, both continuous and jump transitions can occur for certain parameters; and if the diffusivities from big to small is the inverse of the previous case, only continuous transition induced by real eigenvalues are observed, which indicate a stationary convection.

Sporotrichoid-lymphocutaneous-pattern is classically seen in sporotrichosis, though also present in other infections like atypical mycobacteriosis and leishmaniasis. Cutaneous atypical mycobacterial infection presents as localized lesions in immunocompetent and is widespread in immunosuppressed patients. Here, we present a case of sporotrichoid-lymphocutaneous infection due to atypical mycobacteria, in a fish-seller under immunosuppressants.

A document by Muhammad Maaz. Click on the document to view its contents.

Systemic right ventricular failure after physiologic repair for dextro-transposition of the great arteries can be managed with durable mechanical circulatory support; however, the right ventricular morphology, such as intervening papillary muscles, presents challenges to inflow cannula positioning. Papillary muscle repositioning is an innovative technique to circumvent the obstructive anatomy.

In the work by Zheng Quan MD et al. about the Use of Intraoperative Transit Time Flow Measurement Can Reduce Preoperative Myocardial Injury (1), the authors did a retrospective, observational study of the effects of exposure to the TTFM procedure . Fifty-nine people received TTFM, while 47 did not. In total, 7 (6.6%) had at least one grafting vessel obstruction. Only 1 patient where the TTFM was used had an occlusion graft vs. 6 patients where the TTFM was not used and had postoperative injury. In 2001, the use of TTFM techniques for assessing the quality of grafts intraoperatively, on the basis of the presence and volume of flow were clearly described) In conclusion, the work of Zheng Quan MD et al. remarks the importance of the use of TTFM to reduce the incidence of preoperative myocardial injury during off-pump coronary bypass surgery. support of, in some ways, the recent expert opinion to promote the use of TTFM

The usage of the gas sensor has been increasing very rapidly in the industry and in daily life for various potential applications. In recent years, metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) become the primary choice for designing highly sensitive, stable, and low-cost real-life applications-based gas sensors due to their inherent physical and chemical properties. Researchers have proposed numerous sensing mechanism to explain the functionality of MOS based gas sensors. In this review, we have comprehensively covered different sensing mechanisms used for MOS. We have also discussed different parameters affecting the sensitivity and selectivity of the gas sensors. Moreover, the different techniques used to enhance the gas sensing response of MOS based sensors are also extensively covered. And finally, we give our prospective on recent opportunities and challenges on future applications of MOS based gas sensors.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic multisystem disorder that was first described by Von Recklinghausen. We report a case of a female who initially presented with hematuria and was later found to have multiple manifestations of the disease. The report emphasizes the value of investigations on suspected cases.

From 2016 to 2021, two cases of rabies encephalitis were diagnosed and hospitalized at the Kiffa hospital center. Neither of them had started the rabies vaccination after the dog bites before symptoms appeared. In countries where rabies still occurs, health workers should be trained for an efficient management of dog.

This paper presents a case with type 2 diabetes mellitus on a very low-carbohydrate diet who developed euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA) 3 days after starting sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). When initiating SGLT2i, healthcare providers should confirm the implementation of a low-carbohydrate diet and provide intensive guidance to prevent EDKA.

Title: BRAFMutation in Neuroblastoma: A Rare FindingAuthors: Sara C Hutchins1, Sara R Ferguson1, Geling Li2, Elizabeth A Beierle3*, Elizabeth Alva1