Let µ be a finite Borel measure on [0 ,1). In this paper, we consider the generalized integral type Hilbert operator I µ α + 1 ( f ) ( z ) = ∫ 0 1 f ( t ) ( 1 − tz ) α + 1 d µ ( t ) ( α > − 1 ) . The operator I µ 1 has been extensively studied recently. The aim of this paper is to study the boundedness(resp. compactness) of I µ α + 1 acting from the normal weight Bloch space into another of the same kind. As consequences of our study, we get completely results for the boundedness of I µ α + 1 acting between Bloch type spaces, logarithmic Bloch spaces among others.

The filtered lifting line theory is an analytical approach to solving the equations of flow subjected to body forces with a Gaussian distribution, such as used in the actuator line model. In the original formulation 1, the changes in chord length along the blade were assumed to be small. This assumption can lead to errors in the induced velocities predicted by the theory compared to full solutions of the equations. In this work, we revisit the original derivation and provide a more general formulation, that can account for significant changes in chord along the blade. The revised formulation allows for applications to wings with significant changes in chord along the span, such as wind turbine blades.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are diagnosed in 1/100 childbirth worldwide, based on two core symptoms, deficits in social interaction and communication and stereotyped behaviours. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell-surface receptors that mediate the transfer of extracellular signals to convergent intracellular signalling and downstream cellular responses that are dysregulated in ASD. Despite hundreds of GPCRs are expressed in the brain, only 23 GPCRs are genetically associated to ASD according to the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) gene database: oxytocin OTR, vasopressin V1A, V1B, metabotropic glutamate mGlu5, mGlu7, GABAB, dopamine D1, D2, D3, serotoninergic 5-HT1B, β2-adrenoceptor, cholinergic M3, adenosine A2A, A3, angiotensin AT2, cannabinoid CB1, chemokine CX3CR1, orphan GPR37, GPR85 and olfactory OR1C1, OR2M4, OR2T10, OR52M1. Here, we review the therapeutical potential of these 23 GPCRs, in addition to 5-HT2A, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 for their relevance to ASD. We discuss their genetic association with ASD, the effects of their genetic and pharmacological manipulation in animal models and humans, their existing pharmacopeia towards core symptoms of ASD and rank them based on these evidences. Among these 23 GPCRs, we highlight that OTR, V1A, mGlu5, D2, 5-HT2A, CB1, and GPR37 are the best therapeutic targets. We conclude that the dysregulation of GPCRs and their signalling is a convergent pathological mechanism of ASD and their therapeutic potential has only begun as multiple GPCRs could mitigate ASD.

Objectives: In recent years, with the incidence of bilateral cochlear implantation (CI) increasing, understanding the impact of CI on otolith function is of greater necessity. This study aims to investigate the development of gross motor and otolith function in patients with inner ear malformations (IEMs) by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP). Materials and Methods: A total of 78 patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (age 5.7±4.1 years) were divided into two groups based on the presence (IEM group, n=39) or absence (control group, n=39) of IEMs. VEMP was conducted before and 1–3 months after CI, and gross motor development assessed. Results: The mean ages of head control and independent walking were delayed in the IEM group compared with control group ( p=0.02). The preoperative cVEMP and oVEMP response rates were higher in the control groups (60% and 86.95%) than in the IEM group (57.69% and 74.35%) ( p<0.05). Additionally, abnormal cVEMP was associated with delayed acquisition of independent walking ( p=0.017). Saccular and utricular functions after CI were lost by 40% and 31.75%, respectively, in group of patients present preoperatively VEMPs waveform (n=25). Conclusions: Balance development is more reduced in patients with SNHL and IEMs than in patients without IEMs. The otolith-vestibular nerve conduction pathway can be affected by CI and lead to otolith function impairment. As such, evaluating the otolith and balance functions before CI is necessary and should be considered in clinical practice.

Many reef invertebrates reproduce through simultaneous broadcast spawning, with an apparent advantage of overwhelming potential predators and maximizing propagule survival. Although reef fish have been observed to consume coral gamete bundles during spawning events, there are no published records of such predation by benthic invertebrates. Here, we document several instances of the ruby brittle star, Ophioderma rubicundum, capturing and consuming egg-sperm bundles of the mountainous star coral, Orbicella faveolata, and the symmetrical brain coral, Pseudodiploria strigosa, during spawning events in the Cayman Islands in 2012 and the Florida Keys in 2022. These observations are widely separated in space and time (>600 km, 10 years), suggesting that this behavior may be ubiquitous on western Atlantic reefs. Since O. rubicundum spawns on the same or subsequent nights as these coral species, we hypothesize that this opportunistic feeding behavior takes advantage of the coral’s lipid-rich bundles to recover energy reserves expended by the brittle star during gametogenesis. The consumption of coral gametes by adult brittle stars suggests a novel trophic link between reef invertebrates, and also provides evidence that ophiuroid-coral symbioses may oscillate between commensalism and parasitism depending on the ontogeny and reproductive status of both animals. Our observations provide insights into the nuanced, dynamic associations between coral reef invertebrates and may have implications for coral fecundity and resilience.

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are the vector of choice for delivering gene therapies that can cure inherited and acquired diseases. Clinical research on various AAV serotypes significantly increased in recent years alongside regulatory approvals of AAV-based therapies. The current AAV purification platform hinges on the capture step, for which several affinity resins are commercially available. These adsorbents rely on protein ligands – typically camelid antibodies – that provide high binding capacity and selectivity, but suffer from low biochemical stability and high cost, and impose harsh elution conditions (pH < 3) that can harm the transduction activity of recovered AAVs. Addressing these challenges, this study introduces peptide ligands that selectively capture AAVs and release them under mild conditions (pH 6.0). The peptide sequences were identified by screening a focused library and modeled in silico against AAV serotypes 2 and 9 (AAV2 and AAV9) to select candidate ligands that target homologous sites at the interface of the VP1-VP2 and VP2-VP3 virion proteins with mild binding strength (K D ~ 10 -5-10 -6 M). Selected peptides were conjugated to Toyopearl resin and evaluated via binding studies against AAV2 and AAV9, demonstrating the ability to target both serotypes with values of dynamic binding capacity (DBC 10% > 10 13 vp per mL of resin) and product yields (~50-80%) on par with commercial adsorbents. The peptide-based adsorbents were finally utilized to purify AAV2 from a HEK 293 cell lysate, affording high recovery (50-80%), 80-to-400-fold reduction of host cell proteins (HCPs), and high transduction activity (up to 80%) of the purified viruses.

A 65 year-old with history of prior ablations for regular narrow QRS short- RP tachycardia presented with recurrence of palpitations. An electrophysiological study showed long VA tachycardia with concentric atrial activation with a left ventricular origin extrastimulus delivered during His refractoriness, advancing the next ‘A’. A HRVPB can only reset an ORT if it ‘pulls in’ the local V at the ventricular insertion of an accessory pathway. As showcased in this case, erudite analysis of the pattern of perturbation of local ventricular electrograms is of paramount significance when interpreting responses to this maneuver. This concept when fortified with a heightened index of clinical suspicion for mitral annular block, anatomical knowledge of the pattern of LA-CS muscular connections, and pathway orientation, led to accurate electrophysiological diagnosis and management.

Early life exposure to antibiotics and laxatives in relation to infantile atopic eczemaSarah El-Heis 1 DMSarah R Crozier1,2 PhDNicholas C Harvey1,3 PhDEugene Healy4 PhDKeith M Godfrey1,3,5 FMedSci1 Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton,Southampton, UK2 NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton Science Park, Innovation Centre, Southampton, UK3 NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK4 Dermatopharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK5 Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

Avian diet can be affected by site-specific variables, such as habitat, as well as intrinsic factors such as sex. This can lead to dietary niche separation, which reduces competition between individuals, as well as impacting how well avian species can adapt to environmental variation. Estimating dietary niche separation is challenging, due largely to difficulties in accurately identifying food taxa consumed. Consequently, there is limited knowledge of the diets of woodland bird species, many of which are undergoing serious population declines. Here, we show the effectiveness of multi-marker faecal metabarcoding to provide in-depth dietary analysis of a declining passerine, the Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes). We collected faecal samples from (n=262) UK Hawfinches prior to, and during the breeding seasons in 2016-2019. We detected 49 and 90 plant and invertebrate taxa, respectively. We found Hawfinch diet varied spatially, as well as between sexes, indicating broad dietary plasticity and the ability of Hawfinches to utilise multiple resources within their foraging environments.

Background: Ototoxicity is a common disabling side effect of platinum-based chemotherapy. This study aimed to systematically assess the evidence on the management of platinum-induced ototoxicity in adult cancer patients. Methods: Three databases were searched up to November 1, 2022. Original studies were included if they reported on a pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic intervention to prevent or treat platinum ototoxicity in adults. The articles’ quality was assessed with two grading scales. Results: Eighteen randomized controlled trials and five quasi-experimental studies with 1673 patients were analyzed. Eleven interventions were identified, nine pharmacological and two non-pharmacological. Six of the interventions (sodium thiosulfate, corticoids, sertraline, statins, multivitamins, and D-methionine) showed mild benefit preventing cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The data must be carefully analyzed due to the low quality and underreporting of side effects. Conclusions: Current interventions have mild benefits preventing cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in adult cancer patients. High-quality research is required to clarify the significance of these findings.

The limited land is under unprecedented pressure from production, living and ecology. In order to evaluate the land pressure in the Yangtze River Delta region in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 from the perspective of production, living, and ecology. This study builds a land pressure evaluation index system based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model using multi-source and multi-scale data. In order to investigate trade-offs and synergies among production, living, and ecology pressures, we use the mechanical equilibrium model in physics. We then analyze land pressure model reliability and uncertainty using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that (1) Our model can effectively reveal the level of land pressure and reflect the land pressure geographical pattern of “high in the east and low in the west, high in the south and low in the north” that characterizes the Yangtze River Delta region. (2) While living and ecology pressures are tending to rise, production pressures are tending to decrease. (3) Except for Shanghai, the trade-off areas are primarily concentrated in economically successful regions with high production and living pressure and low ecology pressure. The coordinated areas are primarily found in northern Jiangsu Province and northern Anhui Province.

This article aims to analyze the influence of high cycle fatigue damage on the mechanical properties and low cycle fatigue performance of Q690D. Monotonic tensile and cyclic loading tests were performed on Q690D specimens with different degrees of high cycle fatigue damage. Degradation models were established to describe the declining trending of mechanical properties with the increase of pre-fatigue damage. Manson-Coffin models for Q690D steels of different pre-damage levels were established. Besides, a comparison was presented between Q690D and Q355B. The research work in this article provides a fundamental reference for the appropriate assessment of the mechanical performance of Q690D high-strength steel structures after long-term alternating loading.

A 69-year-old man was diagnosed with fulminant myocarditis with circulatory collapse. His cardiac rhythm deteriorated to asystole on the second day; however circulatory status was maintained through extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intra-aortic balloon pumping. After 38h-lasting asystole, heart resumed beating. He was discharged without neurological deficits on day 25.

Letter to the editor

Primary Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS) of non-sacral spine is extremely rare, especially in middle-age. Therapeutic strategy aims: to large tumor resection, to provide spine stability and to avoid recurrence through chemo and radiotherapy. We report a case of thoracic spine EWS in an adult treated by combined approach en bloc vertebrectomy.

The respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system is a multilayered defense mechanism that relies upon mucociliary clearance and components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems to protect the lungs from inhaled or aspirated microorganisms. One of these potential pathogens, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae ( NTHi), adopts several, multifaceted redundant strategies to successfully colonize the lower airways and establish a persistent infection. NTHi can impair mucociliary clearance, express multiple multi-functional adhesins for various cell types within the respiratory tract and evade host defenses by surviving within and between cells, forming biofilms, increasing antigenic drift, secreting proteases and antioxidants, and by host-pathogen cross-talk, impair macrophage and neutrophil function. NTHi is recognized as an important pathogen in several chronic lower respiratory disorders, such as protracted bacterial bronchitis, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia. The persistence of NTHi in human airways, including its capacity to form biofilms, results in chronic infection and inflammation, which can ultimately injure airway wall structures. The complex nature of the molecular pathogenetic mechanisms employed by NTHi is incompletely understood but improved understanding of its pathobiology will be important for developing effective therapies and vaccines, especially given the marked genetic heterogeneity of NTHi and its possession of phase-variable genes. Currently, no vaccine candidates are ready for large phase III clinical trials.

A 5-month-old male baby was brought to the emergency room with a one-day history of respiratory distress, wheezing, vomiting, and high fever. Wheezing had been present since birth but had recently become more frequent and intense, occurring even at rest. The baby was born full-term by cesarean delivery and had a medical history of gallbladder agenesis, secundum atrial septal defect (ASD), and cryptorchidism.

We described a 17-year-old male with a large pulmonary hydatid cyst with a spontaneous rupture. He developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring mechanical ventilation. He was treated with albendazole, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and corticosteroids. He underwent surgery after discharge. ARDS after rupture of hydatid cyst was rarely reported.