Background Plant mediated induced systemic resistance against the plant-parasitic nematode, M. incognita infecting tomato cv Pusa Ruby was evaluated on application of four nematicidal rhizobacterial isolates (Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, B. megaterium and B. cereus) as elicitors and compared with the application of a chemical nematicide, Velum Prime. Methods The bioefficacy trial was conducted in pots preinoculated with the above isolates followed by M. incognita inoculation tomato to observe the reduction in nematode infection at 60 days and effect on photosynthetic and transpiration rates. The mechanism of induced resistance was assessed using qRT-PCR for quantification of three key defense genes(PR-1b, JERF3 and CAT) at 0,2,4,8 and 16 days after inoculation (DAI). The defense enzymes viz., super oxide dismutase(SOD), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), peroxidase (PO), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were quantified. Results Significant reduction in per cent root galling viz. 84.21 in B. pumilus, 83.70 in B. megaterium, 91.95 in B. subtilis, 81.8 in B. cereus, was observed compared to control. The reproduction factor was the lowest (15.83) in B. subtilis, followed by B. pumilus (21.00), compared to 48.16 in control, with enhanced photosynthetic and transpiration rate. The defense genes, PR-1b, JERF3 and CAT were expressed at 2.5 to 7.5 folds in rhizobacterial treated plants, but not in Velum Prime treatment. The increase in enzyme levels (μmol/min/mg) for SOD was from 1.5 to 17.5, PPO from 2.1 to 7.8, PO from 1.8 to 10.2, and PAL from 1.8 to 8.7 during 0 to 16 DAI.

Temperament is one of the factors that explain individual differences in child cognition, and it is usually measured through parental reports. Few studies showed that temperament reports varied depending on whether the reporter is a parent or a teacher, but a quite unexplored question is how each report predicts child cognition. This study analyzes how temperament reports from parents and teachers, predict the performance in a fluid intelligence task in 87 Argentinean children aged 4-5 years from medium-to-low socioeconomic status. Children were administered the Matrix subtest of KABC-II, and their temperament was evaluated with the CBQ Very Short Form, administered to parents and also to teachers. We will run one multilevel mixed-effects linear regression for CBQ dimensions, including teacher report of child temperament as the first level of nesting, and parental report of child temperament as the second level; the Matrix subtest’s total score will be the dependent variable.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has successfully demonstrated its viability for clinical applications in dermatology. Due to the high optical scattering property of skin, extracting high-quality OCTA images from skin tissues requires at least six-repeated scans. While the motion artifacts from the patient and the free hand-held probe can lead to a low-quality OCTA image. Our deep-learning-based scan pipeline enables fast and high-quality OCTA imaging with 0.3-second data acquisition. We utilize a fast scanning protocol with a 60 µm/pixel spatial interval rate and introduce Angiography-Reconstruction-Transformer (ART) for 4× super-resolution of low transverse resolution OCTA images. The ART outperforms state-of-the-art networks in OCTA image super-resolution and provides a lighter network size. ART can restore microvessels while reducing the processing time by 85%, and maintaining improvements in structural similarity and peak-signal-to-noise ratio. This study represents that ART can achieve fast and flexible skin OCTA imaging while maintaining image quality.

The Optical Kerr Effect was investigated for the first time in biological tissues. This nonlinear optical effect was explored in both human brain and avian breast tissues using a time-resolved femtosecond pump-probe Optical Kerr Gate. The Optical Kerr Effect describes the nonlinear change in a material’s refractive index in response to an electric field. It is fundamental to spectral effects that are commonly used in biological science. The tested tissues produced a unique ultrafast (700-800 fs) doubled peaked Kerr signal, which is indicative of temporal interplay between the different components (electronic plasma, and molecular) that make up the Kerr index. Temporal properties varied between samples suggesting that this method could be used as a new diagnostic. Understanding this Kerr behavior can help improve current spectral diagnostic techniques, such as SRS, and potentially create a new Kerr based biopsy method for the detection of diseased tissues, such as cancer and Alzheimer’s.

Introduction Zanubrutinib is a second generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) often used to treat B cell malignancies such as marginal zone lymphoma. BTKis belong to a protein tyrosine kinase family that plays an essential role in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of B cells. The side effects of BTKis include infection, diarrhea, skin rash, and atrial fibrillation. Invasive fungal infections have been previously described with Ibrutinib (a first generation BTKi) but seldom with second generation BTKis such as zanubrutinib.

Tongue Necrosis as a Manifestation of Immune Dysfunction: A Complex Case of Lupus, Histoplasmosis, and Macrophage Activation SyndromeMadalyn Walsh, MD1, Alick Feng, MD2, Petar Lenart, MD PhD2, Bharat Kumar, MD MME21Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics2Division of Immunology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics

As we speak, corollary discharge mechanisms suppress the auditory conscious perception of the self-generated voice in healthy subjects. This suppression has been associated with the attenuation of the auditory N1 component. To analyze this corollary discharge phenomenon (agency and ownership), we registered the Event-Related Potentials of forty-two healthy subjects. The N1 and P2 components were elicited by spoken vowels (talk condition; agency), by played-back vowels recorded with their own voice (listen-self condition; ownership), and by played-back vowels recorded with an external voice (listen-other condition). The N1 amplitude elicited by the talk condition was smaller compared to the listen-self and listen-other conditions. There were no amplitude differences in N1 between listen-self and listen-other conditions. The P2 component did not show differences between conditions. Additionally, a peak latency analysis of N1 and P2 components between the three conditions showed no differences. These findings corroborate previous results showing that the corollary discharge mechanisms dampen sensory responses to self-generated speech (agency experience), and provide new neurophysiological evidence about the similarities in the processing of played-back vowels with our own voice (ownership experience) and with an external voice.

Background: Several medicinal treatments for avoiding post-operative ileus (POI) after abdominal surgery have been evaluated in randomised controlled trials. This network meta-analysis aimed to explore the relative effectiveness of these different treatments on ileus outcome measures. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing treatments for post-operative ileus following abdominal surgery. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed. Direct and indirect comparisons of all regimens were simultaneously compared using random-effects network meta-analysis. Results: A total of 38 randomised controlled trials were included in this network meta-analysis reporting on 6371 patients. Our network meta-analysis shows that prokinetics significantly reduce the duration of first gas (Mean difference (MD) (hours) – 16; credible interval - 30, - 3.1; surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) 0.418), duration of first bowel movements (Mean difference (MD) (hours) -25; credible interval - 39, - 11; SUCRA 0.25) and duration of post-operative hospitalisation (Mean difference (MD) (hours) – 1.9; credible interval – 3.8, - 0.040; SUCRA 0.34). Opioid antagonists are the only treatment that significantly improve the duration of food recovery (Mean difference (MD) (hours) - 19; credible interval - 26, - 14; SUCRA 0.163). Conclusion: Based on our meta-analysis, the two most consistent pharmacological treatments able to effectively reduce POI after abdominal surgery are prokinetics and opioid antagonists. The absence of clear superiority of one treatment over another highlights the limits of the pharmacological principles available.

INTRODUCTION:Human beings are often infected with species of filariasis which are naturally found in animals. Among these the commonly reported is due to dirofilaria species - D repens and D imitis. It is transmitted by mosquito bite. The review of literature revealed around 800 cases reported worldwide. Most of the pediatric cases reported in India are ocular dirofilariasis. Subcutaneous dirofilariasis cases are mostly reported in adult population. Here we present a series of four cases of subcutaneous dirofilariasis in children presenting as subcutaneous nodules.

Photopolymerization as an energy-saving and environment-friendly technology has been applied in many fields and developed continuously since the middle of the 20th century. Today, photopolymerization technology is ubiquitous in every aspect of our lives. This review starts from the principle of photopolymerization reaction, introduces the process of photopolymerization, initiation mechanism of photoinitiators and three kinds of polymerization methods according to the wavelength of irradiation source. Subsequently, review focuses on the application of photopolymerization technology in thiol-based click reaction, 3D printing, photoresist, hydrogels and other fields, so as to demonstrate its irreplaceable role in the present.

Perforated marginal ulcer following Whipple procedure: A case reportAbstractMarginal ulcers are rare complications of pancreatoduodenectomy. Patient can present with varying symptoms such as epigastric discomfort, pain, dysphagia, or can land in emergency with complications like bleeding and perforation.IntroductionWhipple procedures are performed for variety of benign and malignant lesions affecting the pancreatic head, duodenum, and distal bile duct.1 Marginal ulcer, one of the rare long term complications of pancreatoduodenectomy, are ulcerations that occur at or around the gastrointestinal anastomosis.2 Their associated morbidity and mortality have been infrequently described in literature.3 Here we present a case of a gentleman with a 6 year old history of Whipple procedure who presented in emergency department with acute onset abdominal pain and was later diagnosed with perforated marginal ulcer.Case presentationA 64-year-old retired soldier who underwent the Whipple procedure six years ago for carcinoma head of pancreas, adenocarcinoma (well-differentiated adenocarcinoma) presented to emergency department with complaints of severe abdominal pain for a one day on the day of presentation. The pain was acute in onset, continuous, non-radiating, and increasing in severity, which used to be aggravated after ingestion of food and movement. He had three episodes of vomiting since morning on the day of presentation. On his past history, he underwent the Whipple procedure six years ago and has received complete six cycles of chemotherapy after surgery. He was under irregular follow-ups for past two years. The patient had no other comorbid illnesses.On his arrival to the emergency department, his pulse rate was 130beats per minute, regular; oxygen saturation 85 % on room air; blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg, body temperature 38.7 ◦C, and respiratory rate(RR) 22 breaths/min. On his physical examination, his abdomen was distended with diffuse tenderness. There was diffuse guarding and rigidity all over the abdomen. Bowel sounds were absent. Digital rectal examination revealed a normal sphincter tone with a collapsed rectum and absent fecal stain on the gloved finger. He was immediately administered crystalloids and supplemental oxygen at 4 L/min. Nasogastric tube decompression and Foley catheterization were done. His laboratory parameters showed leukocytosis with raised amylase. Liver function test revealed total bilirubin 1.80 mg/dL, conjugated bilirubin 0.8 mg/dL and alkaline phosphatase 712U/L. On radiological examination, supine abdominal X-ray showed prominent dilated small bowel loops and free gas under right hemi diaphragm pointing towards hollow viscous perforation (Fig. 1). Ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis was unremarkable with minimal free fluid in the pelvis.After an initial fluid resuscitation, an emergency laparotomy was done. Intraoperatively, The findings were 300 ml of bilious fluid in the peritoneal cavity and dense adhesion between the small bowel loops and previous surgical scar. Adhesions were meticulously released and gastrojejunostomy site perforation was there, which was around 1 cm Fig.1. A thorough peritoneal lavage was done and the gastrojejunostomy site perforation was closed with a well-vascularized omental patch after a biopsy from the ulcer edge. He received Meropenem IV 1 g and Vancomycin IV 500 mg twice daily along with low molecular weight Heparin 60 mg twice daily the following day. His condition gradually improved and was discharged on 10th post operative day.

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) with severe below-the-ankle (BTA) lesions is often difficult to revascularize with endovascular treatment (EVT) and surgical treatment. We present a case of successful limb salvage using percutaneous deep venous arterialization (pDVA) in a patient with CLTI whose BTA lesion reconstruction failed. A 57-year-old man with diabetes mellitus

Zymomonas mobilis is an emerging chassis for being engineered to produce bulk products due to its glycolysis through the Entner-Doudoroff pathway with less ATP produced for lower biomass accumulation and higher yields with targeted products. When self-flocculated, the bacterial cells are more productive and tolerant to stresses for high product titers, but this morphology needs to be controlled properly to avoid internal mass transfer limitation associated with strong flocculation. Herewith we explored the regulation of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) on self-flocculation of the bacterial cells through cellulose biosynthesis. While ZMO1365 and ZMO0919 with GGDEF domains for diguanylate cyclase activities catalyze c-di-GMP biosynthesis, ZMO1487 with an EAL domain for phosphodiesterase activities catalyzes c-di-GMP degradation, but ZMO1055 and ZMO0401 contain the dual domains with phosphodiesterase activities predominated. Since c-di-GMP is synthesized from GTP, the intracellular accumulation of this signal molecule through deactivating the activity of phosphodiesterase is preferred for activating cellulose biosynthesis to flocculate the bacterial cells, since such a strategy exerts less perturbance on intracellular processes regulated by GTP. These discoveries are significant not only for engineering unicellular Z. mobilis strains with the self-flocculating morphology to boost production, but also for understanding mechanism underlying c-di-GMP biosynthesis and degradation in the bacterium.

The practice of documenting pharmacists’ interventions (PIs) has been endorsed by many hospital pharmacists’ societies and organizations worldwide. Current systems for recording PIs have been developed to generate data on better patient and healthcare outcomes, but harmonization and transferability are apparently minimal. The present work aims to provide a descriptive and comprehensive overview of the currently utilized PIs documentation and classification (D/C) tools contributing to increased evidence systematization. A systematic literature search was conducted in PUBMED, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL. Studies from 2008, after the release of the Basel Statements, were included if interventions were made by the hospital or clinical pharmacists in a global hospital setting. Publications quality assessment was accomplished using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A total of 26 studies were included. Three studies did not refer to the D/C method, 10 used an in-house developed D/C method, seven used externally developed D/C tools and six studies described method validation or translation. Evidence confirmed that most of the D/C systems are designed in-house, but external development and validation of PI systems to be used in hospital practice is gradually increasing. Reports on validated PIs D/C tools that are being used in hospital clinical practice are limited, including countries with advanced hospital pharmacy practice. Unmet needs and gaps in practice were identified. Further research should be conducted to understand why using validated D/C methods is not a disseminated practice, knowing patients’ and organizational advantages.

We describe methods and software resources for a bioimpedance measurement technique, “trans-radial electrical bioimpedance velocimetry” that allows for the non-invasive monitoring of relative cardiac contractility and stroke volume, proxies of sympathetic cardiac tone. In addition to describing the general recording methodology, which requires impedance measurements of the forearm, we provide open source Jupyter based software (operable on most computers) for deriving cardiac contractility from the impedance measurements. We demonstrate the ability of this bioimpedance measurement for tracking event related contractility in a maximal grip force production task. Critically, the results demonstrate both a reactive increase in cardiosympathetic drive with force production as well as a learned increase in drive prior to grip onset, consistent with allostatic autonomic regulation. The method and software should be of broad utility for investigations of event related cardio-sympathetic regulation in psychophysical studies.

The occurrence of random mutations can increase the diversity of the genome and promote the evolutionary process of organisms. High efficiency mutagenesis techniques significantly accelerate the evolutionary process. In this work, we describe a targeted in vivo mutagenesis system to significantly increase mutation frequency and generate mutations across all four nucleotides. We constructed different DNA-modifying enzyme-PmCDA1-T7 RNA polymerase fusion proteins, achieved targeted mutagenesis by flanking the target gene with T7 promoters, and tuned the mutation spectra by introducing different DNA-modifying enzymes. With the mutagenesis fusion proteins, the mutation frequency of the target gene could reach 5.13x10-3, and the proportion of non-C→T mutations is 10~11-fold higher than the cytidine-based evolutionary tools. We also demonstrated that our mutagenesis tools could be used to evolve the essential enzyme in the β-carotene biosynthesis process and generate mutations with different types.

The paper proposes an alternative approach to improve the performance of image retrieval. In this work, a framework for image retrieval based on machine learning and semantic retrieval is proposed. In the preprocessing phase, the image is segmented objects by using Graph-cut, and the feature vectors of objects presented in the image and their visual relationships are extracted using R-CNN. The feature vectors, visual relationships, and their symbolic labels are stored in KD-Tree data structures which can be used to predict the label of objects and visual relationships later. To facilitate semantic query, the images use the RDF data model and create an ontology for the symbolic labels annotated. For each query image, after extracting their feature vectors, the KD-Tree is used to classify the objects and predict their relationship. After that, a SPARQL query is built to extract a set of similar images. The SPARQL query consists of triple statements describing the objects and their relationship which were previously predicted. The evaluation of the framework with the MS-COCO dataset and Flickr showed that the precision achieved scores of 0.9218 and 0.9370 respectively.

Introduction: In this paper we examine the relationship between vaccination against COVID-19 and both the death rate from COVID-19 and the rate of COVID-19 spread. Our goal is determine if vaccination is associated with reduced death and/or spread of disease at the local level. Methods: This analysis was conducted at the county level in the state of Pennsylvania, United States of America, with data that were collected during the first half of 2022 from the state of Pennsylvania’s Covid Dashboard ([COVID-19 Data for Pennsylvania (pa.gov)](https://www.health.pa.gov/topics/disease/coronavirus/pages/cases.aspx) . Result s: Given that, during this time period, the vaccines being used were not geared specifically toward the common variants at that time, we found no statistically significant relationship between disease spread and vaccination rate at the county level. That said, we did find a highly statistically significant relationship between death rate and vaccination rate (p-value = 0.006). Specifically, a 1% increase in vaccination rate was found to correspond to a 0.751% decrease in death rate (95% confidence interval (0.236%, 1.266%)). Conclusions: These results support previous findings from across the world that Covid vaccination is highly efficacious in preventing death from the disease. Even during a time when vaccine design was not optimally matched with the prevailing strains, vaccination was found to reduce death rate. Hence, improving global vaccine availability is vitally important, in order to achieve necessary outcomes.