result shows that the blow-up is equivalent to the blow-up of the $L^r-$norms of the solutions for $r$ exceeding some critical value $r_c.$ Under very loose conditions we give the estimation of $r_c,$ relying on a variant of Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality, and a kind of bootstrap method which is very similar to the Alikakos-Moser iteration procedure.

Miliaria crystallina is a benign skin condition that follows intense sweating due to excessive exposure to heat, hyperthermia, or humidity. Therefore, it is often observed in intensive care patients, who usually meet these conditions.

This note provides counterexamples to illustrate that Theorem 4 which is proposed by Cornejo, Lobo and Medina [M. E. Cornejo, D. Lobo, J. Medina, Bipolar fuzzy relation equations systems based on the product t-norm. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences. 2019,42(17):5779-5793] is incorrect. The incorrect of Theorem 4 is due to the inaccuracy of the definition of feasible pair. Then we present the correction of the definition of feasible pair to the contention.

In this paper, we developed and studied a stochastic HIV model with nonlinear perturbation. Through a rigorous analysis, we firstly showed that the solution of the stochastic model is positive and global. Then, by employing suitable stochastic Lyapunov functions, we prove that the stochastic model admit a unique ergodic stationary distribution. In addition, sufficient conditions for the extinction of HIV infection are derived. Finally, numerical simulations are employed to confirm our theoretical results.

Lacking of systematic evaluations in soil quality and microbial community recovery after different amendments addition limits optimization of amendments combination in coal mine-soils. We performed a short-term incubation experiment over 12 weeks to assess the effects of three amendments (biochar: C; nitrogen fertilizer at three levels: N-N1~N3; microbial agent at two levels: M-M1~M2) based on C/N ratio (regulated by biochar and N level: 35:1, 25:1, 12.5:1) on soil quality and microbial community in the Qilian Mountains, China. Over the incubation period, soil pH and MBC/MBN were significantly lower than unamended treatment in N addition and C+M+N treatments, respectively. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) contents had a significant increase in all amended treatments (P<0.001). Higher AP, AK, MBC, MBN and lower MBC/MBN were observed in N2-treated soil(corresponding to C/N ratio of 25:1). Meanwhile, N2-treated soil significantly increased species richness and diversity of soil bacterial community (P<0.05). Principal coordinate analysis further showed that soil bacterial community compositions were significantly separated by N level. C-M-N treatments (especially at N2 and N1 levels) significantly increased the relative abundance (>1%) of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and decreased the relative abundance of fungal phyla Chytridiomycota (P<0.05). Redundancy analysis illustrated the importance of soil nutrients in explaining variability in bacteria community composition (74.73%) than fungal (35.0%). Our results indicated that N and M addition based on biochar can improve soil quality by neutralizing soil pH and increasing soil nutrient contents, and the appropriate C/N ratio (25:1: biochar+N2-treated soil) can better promote mass, richness and diversity of soil bacterial community. Our study provided a new insight for achieving restoration of damaged habitats by changing microbial structure, diversity and mass by regulating C/N ratio of amendments

Araucaria araucana is an iconic long-lived endangered tree species exclusively distributed in Southern Chile and Argentina. Araucaria forest ecosystems provide a myriad of ecosystem benefits to local aboriginal Mapuche-Pehuenche communities. Among the main current threats for Araucaria forests are the increasing frequency and severity of wildfires and overgrazing. This study evaluates the effect of uncontrolled livestock grazing on soil quality indicators linked to critical functions relevant to forest regeneration and ecosystem service provision. We also aim to determine a set of soil quality indicators that are sensitive enough to grazing pressure, so they are useful as early indicators of degradation or the effectiveness of restoration practices. This study evaluated twenty soil quality indicators in two contiguous degraded forest areas with contrasting grazing pressure. We observed a substantial shift in forest structure, a reduction in tree coverage on the overgrazed sites. Overgrazing has produced significant deterioration of most soil physical, chemical, and biological quality indicators making soil conditions less suitable for seed germination and sapling establishment. We also observed an alteration in C, N, and P biogeochemical pools. Besides, soil physical indicators alterations suggest changes in these soils' hydrological behavior, potentially reducing water storage, availability, and increasing runoff. We show that uncontrolled grazing in native protected areas degrades soils and forest health, restricting forest regeneration and potentially accelerating erosive processes. Our results emphasized the need for an improved conservation plan for these forests that systematically evaluates and monitors livestock grazing and all its direct and indirect effects, including soil quality.

Aim: The Norwegian Association for Clinical Pharmacology in their National Guidelines decreased therapeutic range (TR) of topiramate (TPM) from 5-20 mg/L to 2-10 mg/L. The objective of this study is to ascertain which TR produces better clinical outcomes. Methods: Data source were request forms for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of TPM. Concentration dependent adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were evaluated in 1,721 samples taken pre-dose. Seizure frequency analysis was performed in 294 samples of monotherapy. Statistics: Prism 5.0, GraphPad Instatt: Mann–Whitney U test for median plasma level (PL). χ2-test for seizure frequency and for distribution of PL according to TR 5-20 mg/L and intervals <2, 2-5, 5-10, 10-20, >20 mg/L. Results: Better seizure control was found in children both in whole cohort (without seizure 49% vs 37% adults), as well as in monotherapy (56% vs 44%), in children with PL 5-20 mg/L vs 5 mg/L (65% vs 44%) and in children with PL 5-10 mg/L vs <2 mg/L. Seizure-free children had higher PL than those with seizure yearly: median (lower, upper quartile) [mg/L]: 5.5 (3.4-6.5) vs 4.7 (4.3-7.95). No difference was found in adults. Seizure control was poorer in all patients with PL <2 mg/L compared to 5-10 mg/L; and 10-20 mg/L; further in PL within 5-10 mg/L vs 10-20 mg/L; and in the period 2003-2005. ADRs reported in 38 samples (2.8%) were without relation to PL. Conclusions: Change of TR is not recommended.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most common but still poorly treated psychiatric conditions. Developing new treatments requires a better understanding of the aetiology of symptoms and evaluation of novel therapeutic targets in preclinical studies. Recent developments in our understanding of the reinforcement-based cognitive biases (RBCBs) that contribute to the development of AUD and its treatment offer new opportunities for both clinical and preclinical research. In this review, we first briefly describe psychological and cognitive theories that implicate various aspects of reinforcement sensitivity in the development, maintenance, and recurrence of alcohol addiction. Furthermore, in separate sections, we describe studies investigating RBCBs and their neural, neurochemical, and pharmacological correlates, and we discuss possible interactions between RBCBs and trajectories of AUD. Finally, we describe how recent translational studies using state-of-the-art animal models can facilitate our understanding of the role of reinforcement sensitivity and RBCBs in various aspects of AUD.

Post renal transplant patients are generally immunosuppressed and remain at a higher risk for getting bacterial and viral infections. Most of these patients are taking immunosuppressive medications, including steroids. This case series highlights the clinical outcomes and characteristics of 8 post renal transplant patients who acquired COVID-19.

Submersion and exposure from the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) can alter soil properties and plant characteristics at different elevations of the water level fluctuation zone (WLFZ), possibly influencing soil detachment capacity (Dc), but the vertical heterogeneity of this effect is uncertain. Soil samples were taken from 6 segments (5 m elevation per segment) along a slope profile in the WLFZ of the TGR to clarify the vertical heterogeneity of Dc. Scouring experiments were conducted at 5 slope gradients (17.63%, 26.79%, 36.40%, 46.63%, and 57.74%) and 5 flow rates (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 L min–1) to determine Dc. The results indicate that the soil properties and biomass parameters of the WLFZ are strongly affected by elevation. Dc fluctuates with increasing elevation, with maximum and minimum average values at elevations of 145-150 m and 165-170 m, respectively. Linear equations accurately describe the relationships between Dc and hydrodynamic parameters. τ, ω, and E perform much better than U. Furthermore, a clear improvement is seen when using the general index of flow intensity to estimate Dc. Dc is significantly negatively correlated with MWD (p < 0.05) and organic matter (p < 0.01) but not significantly correlated with other soil properties (p > 0.05). At elevations of 145-150 m and 170-175 m, rill erodibility was greater than at other elevations. The critical hydraulic parameters were highest in the 165-170 m segments, both showing obviously fluctuation in the vertical direction of slope surface. This research highlighted the vertical heterogeneity of the soil detachment and was helpful to understand the mechanisms of soil detachment processes in the WLFZ of the TGR.

We report the case of a woman with schizoaffective disorder, killing her child under the effect of an impulse motivated by Capgras syndrome in a strange crime scene including evisceration and enucleation. This case help to better understand the association between misidentification syndromes and homicide and to promote preventive measures.

Aims: Lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA) deficiency causes Gaucher disease (GD), a recessive disorder caused by bi-allelic mutations in GBA. The prevalence of GD is associated with ethnicity, but largely unknown and potentially underestimated in many countries. GD may manifest with organomegaly, bone involvement and neurological symptoms as well as abnormal laboratory biomarkers. This study attempted to screen for GD in patients using abnormal platelet, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ferritin results from laboratory databases. Methods: Electronic laboratory databases were interrogated using a 2-4 year time interval to identify from clinical biochemistry records patients with a phenotype of reduced platelets (<150x109/L) and either elevated ALP (>130iu/L) or ferritin (>150 (female) or >250µg/L(male)). The mean value over the screening window was used to reduce variability in results. A dried blood spot sample was collected for the determination of GBA activity in patients meeting these criteria. If low GBA activity was found then the concentration of the GD-specific biomarker glucosyl-sphingosine (lyso-GB1) was assayed, and the GBA gene sequenced. Results: Samples were obtained from 1058 patients; 232 patients had low GBA activity triggering further analysis. No new cases of GD with homozygosity for pathogenic variants were identified but 12 patients (1%) were identified to be carriers of a pathogenic variant in GBA. Conclusions: Pathology databases hold routine information that can be used to screen for patients with inherited errors of metabolism. However, biochemical screening using mean platelets, ALP and ferritin has a low yield for unidentified cases of Gaucher Disease.

Reactive transport codes are today one of the cornerstones of environmental research. They now contain multiphysics with very complex algorithms, including flow, transport, chemical and sometimes heat transport, mechanical and/or biological algorithms. Because of this complexity, some parts of these algorithms still have not been sufficiently studied. Here, we present a comparison of 3 algorithms for activity correction, a specific subset of equilibrium chemistry algorithms. We show that the most used algorithm (the inner fixed-point algorithm) or the most rigorous algorithm (the full Newton) might not be the most efficient, and we propose the outer fixed-point algorithm, which is more robust and faster than other algorithms.

Vaccination against the COVID-19 virus began in December 2020 in the UK and is now running at 5% population/week. High Levels of social restrictions were implemented for the third time in January 2021 to control the second wave and resulting increases in hospitalisations and deaths. Easing those restrictions must balance multiple challenging priorities, weighing the risk of more deaths and hospitalisations against damage done to mental health, incomes and standards of living, education outcomes and provision of non-Covid-19 healthcare. Weekly and monthly officially published values in 2020/21 were used to estimate the impact of seasonality and social restrictions on the spread of COVID-19 by age group, on the economy and healthcare services. These factors were combined with the estimated impact of vaccinations and immunity from past infections into a model that retrospectively reflected the actual numbers of reported deaths closely both in 2020 and early 2021. It was applied prospectively to the next 6 months to evaluate the impact of different speeds of easing social restrictions. The results show vaccinations are significantly reducing the number of hospitalisations and deaths. The central estimate is that relative to a rapid easing, the avoided loss of 57,000 life years from a strategy of relatively slow easing over the next 4 months comes at a cost in terms of GDP reduction of around £0.4 million/life-year loss avoided. This is over 10 times higher than the usual limit the NHS uses for spending against Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) saved. Alternative assumptions for key factors affecting give significantly different trade-offs between costs and benefits of different speeds of easing. Disruption of non-Covid-19 Healthcare provision also increases in times of higher levels of social restrictions. In most cases, the results favour a somewhat faster easing of restrictions in England than current policy implies.

Introduction: In dermoscopic studies on dermatofibromas, some publications divide the appearance of lesions into standardized patterns, and some publications classify the clinical appearance of the lesions by comparing them with existing dermatological lesions. Objectives: This study aims to re-evaluate the dermoscopic findings and patterns of dermatofibromas from a different perspective. Methods: In this study, 142 lesions of 72 patients were evaluated dermoscopically and their patterns were schematized. Results: In our study, a total of 15 patterns consisting of main and sub-patterns were created. The most common patterns we detected were pattern 1 (1a: 13.4%, 1b: 8.5%), pattern 8 (8a: 10.6%, 8b: 4.2%), pattern 2 (2a: 9.2%, 2b: 4.2%), respectively. Conclusions: Patterns of DFs were reclassified while preserving basic patterns. We think that the new sub-patterns and schematization with this study can contribute to better understanding of DFs.

This article specically deals with the asymptotic synchronization of non-identical complex dynamic fractional order networks with uncertainty. Initially, by using the Riemann-Liouville derivative, we developed a model for the general non-identical complex network, and based on the properties of fractional order calculus and the direct Lyapunov method in fractional order, we proposed that drive and response system if nonidentical complex networks ensuring asymp-totic synchronization by using neoteric control. Second, taking into account the uncertainties of non-identical complex networks in state matrices and evaluating theirrequirements forasymptotic synchronization. In addition, to explain the eectiveness of the proposed approach, two numerical simulations are given.

Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) describes the simultaneous presence of two pregnancies at different implantation sites. One is intrauterine and the other is ectopic. It is challenging to diagnose HP. We present a very rare case of HP diagnosed in the first trimester by US and MRI and managed successfully.

Background and Purpose Liver failure is often associated with psychiatric alterations, partly resulting from the increased dopamine levels in brain. We aimed to investigate relationship between increased dopamine levels and mental abnormalities using bile duct ligation (BDL) rats and document mechanism that liver failure increased dopamine levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Experimental Approach Psychiatric alterations were operated following 14-day BDL. Dopamine and its metabolite levels in cortex, expressions of enzymes and transporters related to dopamine metabolism and transport in cortex and hippocampus were measured. SH-SY5Y cells were used to investigate whether NH4Cl, bile acids and bilirubin affected expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or not. TH expression in SH-SY5Y cells co-incubated with bilirubin and signal pathway inhibitors was measured. Key Results Open-field test results showed a remarkable increase in exploratory behavior following BDL. BDL increased dopamine levels and expression of TH protein in cortex. MAO-A and Mb-COMT slightly but significantly decreased. Data from SH-SY5Y cells showed that increased bilirubin levels was a factor in inducing TH expression. Both inhibitor of NF-κB pathway BAY117082 and silencing p65 remarkably reversed bilirubin-induced upregulation of TH protein. NF-κB activator TNF-α increased expression of TH protein. Roles of bilirubin in TH expression and increases in dopamine levels were documented using hyperbilirubinemia rats. Significant increases in dopamine levels, expressions of TH, p65 and p-p65 protein were observed in hyperbilirubinemia rats. Conclusion and Implications BDL significantly increased dopamine levels in rat cortex partly due to bilirubin-mediated TH induction. Increased bilirubin induced TH expression via activating NF-κB signaling pathway.