Pneumothorax as a sequalae of vaping is a relatively recent complication being described in the literature. Smoking has classically been associated with increased risk of pneumothorax, and emerging evidence is showing that electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) likely carry some of the same risks. Since electronic cigarettes increased in popularity, especially among the adolescent population, there has been reported increased incidence of lung injury, including pneumothorax. We present a case of a 15-year-old female with a history of e-cigarette use admitted for recurrent pneumothorax with failure to re-expand requiring surgical intervention.

The horned gall aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis, is an economically important insect that induces galls valuable for medicinal and chemical industries. S. chinensis manipulates its host plant to form well-organized horned galls during feeding. So far, more than twenty aphid genomes have been reported; however, all of those are derived from free-living aphids. Here we generated a high-quality genome assembly of S. chinensis, representing the first genome sequence of a galling aphid. The final genome assembly was 280.43 Mb, with 97% of the assembled sequences anchored into thirteen chromosomes. S. chinensis presents the smallest aphid genome size among available aphid genomes to date. The contig and scaffold N50 values were 3.39 Mb and 20.58 Mb, respectively. The assembly included 96.4% of conserved arthropod and 97.8% of conserved Hemiptera single-copy orthologous genes based on BUSCO analysis. A total of 13,437 protein-coding genes were predicted. Phylogenomic analysis showed that S. chinensis formed a single clade between the Eriosoma lanigerum clade and the Aphidini+Macrosiphini aphid clades. In addition, salivary proteins were found to be differentially expressed when S. chinensis underwent host alternation, indicating their potential roles in gall formation and plant defense suppression. A total of 36 cytochrome P450 genes were identified in S. chinensis, considerably fewer compared to other aphids, probably due to its small host plant range. The high-quality S. chinensis genome assembly and annotation provide an essential genetic background for future studies to reveal the mechanism of gall formation and to explore the interaction between aphids and their host plants.

Metabarcoding has improved the way we understand plants within our environment, from their ecology and conservation to invasive species management. The notion of identifying plant taxa within environmental samples relies on the ability to match unknown sequences to known reference libraries. Without comprehensive reference databases, species can go undetected or be incorrectly assigned, leading to false positive and negative detections. To improve our ability to generate reference sequence databases we developed a targeted capture approach using the OZBaits_CP V1.0 set, designed to capture chloroplast gene regions across the entirety of flowering plant diversity. We focused on generating a reference database for coastal temperate plant species given the lack of reference sequences for these taxa. Our approach was successful across all specimens with a target gene recovery rate of 92% which was achieved in a single assay (i.e., samples were pooled), thus making this approach much faster and more efficient than standard barcoding. Further testing of this database highlighted 80% of all samples could be discriminated to family level across all gene regions with some genes achieving greater resolution than others – which was also dependant on the taxon of interest. Thus, we demonstrate the importance of generating reference sequences across multiple chloroplast gene regions as no single loci is sufficient to discriminate across all plant groups. The targeted capture approach outlined in this study provides a way forward to achieve this.

Re letter to British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

In this paper, we propose an inertial algorithm for solving split equality of monotone inclusion and $f$-fixed point of Bregman relatively $f$-nonexpansive mapping problems in reflexive real Banach spaces. Using the Bregman distance function, we prove a strong convergence theorem for the algorithm produced by the method in real reflexive Banach spaces. As an application, we provide several applications of our method. Furthermore, we give a numerical example to demonstrate the behavior of the convergence of the algorithm.

This paper studies the non-autonomous non-Newtonian micropolar fluids in two-dimensional bounded domains. We first establish that the generated continuous process of the solutions operator possesses a pullback attractor. Then we verify the existence of statistical solutions by constructing the invariant Borel probability measures. Further, we prove that the statistical solutions possess the degenerated regularity of Lusin's type provided that the Grasshof number associated to the external forces is small enough.

Primary repair was carried out in a neonate with an atypical form of double outlet right ventricle; with a non-committed ventricular septal defect and lack of the outlet septum between the semilunar valves. The aortic arch was right-sided. The procedure required a right ventricular incision. Intraventricular rerouting could be achieved concomitantly with the arterial switch maneuver. Retrospectively, several strategies were contemplated to seek whether any other approach could have been superior to our present choice.

In this paper, we study the stabilization of a coupled wave system formed by one localized non-regular fractional viscoelastic damping of Kelvin-Voigt type and localized non-smooth coefficients. Our main aim is to prove that the C0-semigroup associated with this model is strong stability and decays polynomially at a rate of t−1. By introducing a new system to deal with fractional Kelvin-Voigt damping, we obtain a new equivalent augmented system, so as to show the well-posedness of the system based on Lumer-Phillips theorem. We achieve the strong stability for the C0-semigroup associated with this new model by using a general criteria of Arendt-Batty, and then turn out a polynomial energy decay rate of order t−1 with the help of a frequency domain approach.

The selection of layers in the transfer learning fine-tuning process ensures a pre-trained model’s accuracy and adaptation in a new target domain. However, the selection process is still manual and without clearly defined criteria. If the wrong layers in a neural network are selected and used, it could lead to poor accuracy and model generalisation in the target domain. This paper introduces the use of Kullback-Leibler divergence on the weight correlations of the model’s convolutional neural network layers. The approach identifies the positive and negative weights in the ImageNet initial weights selecting the best-suited layers of the network depending on the correlation divergence. We experiment on four publicly available datasets and four ImageNet pre-trained models that have been used in past studies for results comparisons. This proposed approach method yields better accuracies than the standard fine-tuning baselines with a margin accuracy rate of 10.8% to 24%, thereby leading to better model adaptation for target transfer learning tasks.

{In the present paper, a $\mu$-delayed Mittag-Leffler type function is introduced as a fundamental function. By means of $\mu$-delayed Mittag-Leffler type function, an exact analytical solution formula to non-homogeneous linear delayed Langevin equations involving two distinct $\mu$-Caputo type fractional derivatives of general orders is given. Also, a global solution of nonlinear version of delayed Langevin equations is inferred from the findings on hand and is verified with the aid of the functional(substitutional) operator. In terms of exponential function, we estimate $\mu$-delayed Mittag-Leffler type function. Existence uniqueness of solutions to nonlinear delayed Langevin fractional differential equations are obtained with regard to the weighted norm defined in accordance with exponential function. The notion of stability analysis in the sense of solutions to the described Langevin equations is discussed on the grounds of the fixed point approach. Numerical and simulated examples are shared to exemplify the theoretical findings. This paper provides novel results.

TITLE PAGE: Title: Letter to the Editor “Long-term outcomes of aortic root replacement for endocarditis”Article type : Letter to the editorCorrespondence : 1. Roomi RajaContact No: +923342946940 Email: [email protected]: Ziauddin UniveristyAddress: Hemilton Courts Block G-1 Flat 408 Teen Talwar Clifton KarachiCo-authors : 2. Satesh KumarContact: +92-3325252902 Email: [email protected]: Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Liyari, KarachiAddress: Parsa citi Garden east, KarachiWord count: 380Conflict of interest; noneDisclosure; noneFunding; none

Joint involvement in COVID-19 may occur at different stages of the disease and maybe represented by acute arthritis.We report Two cases of COVID-19.Both of our cases are consistent with what has been reported in the literature strengthen the necessity of wider studies to identify rheumatologic manifestations after surviving COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate the perioperative clinical efficacy of preoperative human fibrinogen treatment in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Methods: Data of 159 patients with ATAAD who underwent emergency surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether human fibrinogen was administered before surgery. The preoperative clinical data, surgical data, postoperative data, complications related to the coagulation function, and mortality of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: The in-hospital mortality was similar in the two groups (2.9% versus 9.3%, P = 0.122). However, group A had a significantly shorter operation time (279.24±39.03 versus 298.24±45.90, P=0.008), lower intraoperative blood loss (240.48±96.75 versus 353.70±189.80, P＜0.001), and reduced intraoperative transfusion requirement of red blood cells (2.61±1.18 versus 6.05±1.86, P＜0.001). The postoperative suction drainage within 24 hours in group A was significantly decreased (243.24±201.52 versus 504.22±341.08，P=0.002). The incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in group A was lower than that in group B (3.8% versus 14.8%, P =0.023). Similarly, the incidence of postoperative hepatic insufficiency in group A was lower than that in group B (1.9% versus 9.3%, P =0.045). In group A, the mechanical ventilation time was shorter (47.68±28.61 versus 118.21±173.16, P=0.004) along with reduced ICU stay time (4.06±1.18 versus 8.09±9.42, P=0.003), and postoperative hospitalization days (19.20±14.60 versus 23.50±7.56, P=0.004). Conclusion: Preoperative administration of human fibrinogen in patients undergoing ATAAD surgery can effectively reduce the intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion amount, shorten the operation time, reduce postoperative complications, and improve the early prognosis of patients, in addition to being highly safe.

A method to reduce crosstalk using TL-shaped defect microstrip structure (DMS) is proposed to solve the far-end crosstalk between microstrip lines. This method optimizes the ratio of the capacitive coupling and the inductive coupling between the coupled microstrip lines by etching the TL-shaped DMS on the microstrip line and reduces the strength of the electromagnetic (EM) coupling, which can achieve crosstalk suppression. The equivalent circuit model, S-parameters and full-wave EM simulations are used to analyze the crosstalk between the microstrip lines etched with and without the TL-shaped DMS. High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software simulation and samples test results show that the TL-shaped DMS can effectively reduce the far-end crosstalk while guaranteeing the transmission ability of microstrip line to the signal. The maximum far-end crosstalk can be reduced by 42dB in the frequency range of 0–8 GHz and the test results of the samples are in good agreement with the simulation results.

Gallbladder cancer is a rare but potentially fatal disease. It is often asymptomatic in early stages and is frequently found incidentally or during the workup for benign biliary disease. We present two patients who each had suspicious gallbladder imaging findings and highlight their differences on radiologic and pathologic examination.

Single-atom catalysts with optimal atom utilization and outstanding activity have penetrated the frontier of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the large-scale synthesis of this class of catalysts is still a bottleneck for their industrialization. Herein, we suggest a two-stage micro-dispersion approach to synthesize mesoporous MgAl2O4-supported atomically dispersed Rh, which is more competitive than the batch method for boosting the uniform dispersion of Rh. By increasing the Rh loading, single-atom catalysts (SACs, < 0.05wt%), single-atom catalysts + nanoparticle catalysts (0.05–0.17 wt%), and nanoparticle catalyst (NPCs, 0.17–1.10 wt%) were obtained. For n-octane steam reforming, the turnover frequency of the SAC (0.01 wt%) was approximately 30 times that of the NPC (1.10 wt%), while the Rh amount of the SAC was only 3% that of the NPC for the same fuel conversion. Under a high-temperature (750 ℃) steam atmosphere for 15 h, the hydrogen formation rate only declined from 25.1 to 23.8 mol/mol-C8H18.

Long-term monitoring of ice-dammed lake development are important for understanding the process of lake storage and outburst. Based on remote sensing observations for the period 1972-2020, we obtained so far the most detailed reconstruction of the filling and drain of Kyagar lake, a typical annually ice-dammed lake in the north Karakoram. We show that annually repeated lake filling-drains were detected by satellite observations during two periods:1996 to 2009 and 2015 to 2020, while between 2009 and 2015 none obvious outburst occurred. These two intermitted periods with regular annual cycles of lake outburst were likely related to the long-term cycle of glacier surge dynamics, which show two remarkable surge-induced terminus accelerations during 1995-1997 and 2014-2016. Following each surge, the maximum lake areas were decreased by about 33% from 1996-2009 and by about 88% from 2015-2020. With climate warming and the thinning of the ice-dam, the storage capacity of glacial lake will likely continue decrease in the future, and the risk of lake outburst flood thus somehow decrease. Repeated drainage following filling exacer-bates the depletion of material at the glacier terminal, leading to the cessation of storage and creating the conditions for the next glacial surge to occur, thus creating a long-term cycling process. Together with the uncertainty and intensified climate changes, it suggests that a close monitoring of the glacial lake development and glacier dynamics would be still important.

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection combined with Single Ventricle represents a cardiac and extra-cardiac diagnosis that may benefit from alternative additional imaging to reach a complete anatomical diagnosis and continued treatment strategy.