This paper aims to propose a novel method for designing an SRAM cell using an Etched Drain based Cyl. GAA TFET with a hetero-substrate material and an elevated density strip. The aim is to reduce power dissipation and improve stability, as demonstrated through analysis utilizing SNM as well as N-Curve methods. With respect to the 16nm MOSFET based SRAM cell, the proposed device-based SRAM cell shows significant improvements with a 68.305% reduction in leakage power, a 15.58% increase in SVNM, an 8.623% increase in SINM, an 8.152% increase in WTV, a 12.86% increase in WTI, a 27.62% increase in SPNM, and a 19.95% increase in WTP. The design is implemented and analyzed using Cadence Virtuoso software, and a novel approach of look up tables and Verilog A is utilized for the device to circuit application. These results indicate promising advancements in the design of SRAM cells, which could have significant implications for the development of advanced computer systems.

Background: In Angola, COVID-19 cases have been reported in all provinces, resulting in >105,000 cases and >1,900 deaths. However, no detailed genomic surveillance into the introduction and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been conducted in Angola. We aimed to investigate the emergence, and epidemic progression during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Angola. Methods: We generated 1,210 whole-genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences, contributing West African data to the global context, that were phylogenetically compared against global strains. Viral movement events were inferred using ancestral state reconstruction. Results: The epidemic in Angola was marked by four distinct waves of infection, dominated by 12 viral lineages, including VOCs, VOIs, and the VUM C.16, which was unique to Southwestern Africa and circulated for an extended period within the region. Viral exchanges occurred between Angola and its neighboring countries, and strong links with Brazil and Portugal reflected the historical and cultural ties shared between these countries. The first case likely originated from southern Africa. Conclusion: A lack of a robust genome surveillance network and strong dependence on out-of-country sequencing limit real-time data generation to achieve timely disease outbreak responses, which remains of the utmost importance to mitigate future disease outbreaks in Angola.

An efficient Pd/Cu-catalyzed oxidative self-carbonylation of arylhydrazine with CO and molecular oxygen as an oxidant to afford symmetrical biaryl ketones via C-N bond activation has been developed. In this approach, arylhydrazine hydrochlorides are used as a green arylating agent which releases nitrogen and water as a byproduct. This developed protocol significantly restricts the for-mation of aryl iodide and homo-coupled azobenzene products even under favorable conditions. A library of symmetrical biaryl ke-tones with wide functionalities was synthesized in good yields under mild conditions.

The canonical function of glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) is to glutamylate tRNA Glu. Yet, not all bacterial GluRSs glutamylate tRNA Glu; many glutamylate both tRNA Glu and tRNA Gln, while some glutamylate only tRNA Gln and not the cognate substrate tRNA Glu. Understanding the basis of this unique tRNA Glx-specificity is important. Mutational studies have hinted at hotspot residues, both on tRNA Glx and GluRS, that play crucial roles in tRNA Glx-specificity. But the underlying structural basis remains unexplored. Majority of biochemical studies related to tRNA Glx-specificity have been performed on GluRS from Escherichia coli and other proteobacterial species. However, since the early crystal structures of GluRS and tRNA Glu-bound GluRS were from non-proteobacterial species ( Thermus thermophilus), the proteobacterial biochemical data have often been interpreted in the context of non-proteobacterial GluRS structures. Marked differences between proteo- and non-proteobacterial GluRSs have been demonstrated and therefore it is important that tRNA Glx-specificity be understood vis-a-vis proteobacterial GluRS structures. Towards this goal we have solved the crystal structure of GluRS from E. coli. Using the solved structure and several other currently available proteo- and non-proteobacterial GluRS crystal structures, we have probed the structural basis of tRNA Glx-specificity of bacterial GluRSs. Specifically, our analysis suggests a unique role played by a tRNA Glx D-helix contacting loop of GluRS in modulation of tRNA Gln-specificity. While earlier studies had identified functional hotspots on tRNA Glx that controlled tRNA Glx-specificity of GluRS, this is the first report of complementary signatures of tRNA Glx-specificity in GluRS.

Expression of the immediate early gene Arc/Arg3.1 (Arc), a key mediator of synaptic plasticity, is enhanced by neural activity and then reduced by proteasome-dependent degradation. We have previously shown that disruption of Arc degradation, in an Arc knock-in mouse (ArcKR), where the predominant Arc ubiquitination sites were mutated, reduced the threshold to induce, and also enhanced, the strength of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated long-term depression (DHPG-LTD). Here we have investigated if ArcKR expression changes long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 area of the hippocampus. As previously reported, there was no change in basal synaptic transmission at Schaffer collateral/commissural-CA1 (SC-CA1) synapses in ArcKR versus wild-type (WT) mice. There was however a significant increase in the amplitude of synaptically-induced (with low frequency paired-pulse stimulation) LTD in ArcKR mice. Theta burst stimulation-evoked LTP at SC-CA1 synapses was significantly reduced in ArcKR versus WT mice (after 2 hours). Group 1 mGluR priming of LTP was abolished in ArckR mice, which could also potentially contribute to a depression of LTP. Although high frequency-stimulation (HFS)-induced LTP was not significantly different in ArcKR compared to WT mice (after 1 hour) there was a phenotype in environmentally enriched mice, with the ratio of LTP to short-term potentiation (STP) significantly reduced in ArcKR mice. These findings support the hypothesis that Arc ubiquitination supports the induction and expression of LTP, likely via limiting Arc-dependent removal of AMPA receptors at synapses.

In recent years, flexible photodetectors (FPDs) have received increasing attention due to their applications in electronic eyes, flexible sensing, terminal devices, and wearable devices. In addition, metallic halide perovskite materials are considered as future materials for FPDs due to their compatibility with flexible substrates, low cost, simple synthesis methods, and superior optoelectronic properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant cutting-edge research in the field of flexible perovskite photodetectors (FPPDs) from 2020 to 2022. First, the evaluation criteria for FPPDs are discussed and the development of perovskite stability criteria is emphatically described. Afterwards, the synthesis methods and device construction processes of metal halide perovskite materials commonly used by researchers in the past three years were described. These include single crystals and low-dimensional materials. Moreover, we have elaborated on the research of self-powered FPPD and its contributions in wearability, terminals, and portability. Finally, a summary of developments and possibilities in the field of FPPDs from 2020 to 2022 is provided.

This study evaluated the performance of biofilm reactors inoculated with azo dye degrading Shewanella for the decolorization of Reactive Black 5 (RB5), using three different carrier materials, namely almond shell biochar, moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), and polypropylene carrier (PPC). The reactors were fed with low-nutrient artificial wastewater containing RB5 for a long term, and all three carriers showed good RB5 decolorization performance, with varying efficiencies. LC-MS analysis revealed significant differences in the degradation pathways of RB5 among the carriers, indicating the role of carrier materials and microbial communities. The MBBR carrier exhibited good stability due to its rough surface and microbial aggregates. Sequencing results revealed significant differences in the microbial community structure among the carriers. Shewanella was the dominant functional bacteria in the MBBR and PPC carriers, while highly efficient degrading microbial communities were observed on the biochar carrier. Overall, the physicochemical properties of the carrier materials had a significant impact on the microbial community in the reactor, which affected the degradation efficiency of RB5. These findings provide valuable insights into the optimization of biofilm reactors for dye-containing wastewater treatment.

Objective: To report clinical characteristics, surgical management, and medium-term outcomes of 3 Arabian neonatal foals with meniscal disruption associated with septic arthritis of the lateral femorotibial joint. Methods: Three neonatal Arabian foals with septic arthritis of the lateral femorotibial joint (LFTJ), were diagnosed with lateral meniscal (LM) tears, based on persistent lameness despite improving synovial parameters, ultrasound (US) findings (protrusion of meniscal tissue beyond the level of the condyles, with hypoechoic regions), contrast Computed Tomography findings, and confirmed on arthroscopy. Treatment included arthroscopic debridement and lavage of the joint with debridement of the meniscal tear. Postoperative care included systemic and intra-articular antimicrobials, based on culture and sensitivity results. Two of the foals received intra-articular injections of autologous mesenchymal stem cells. Results: Grade III meniscal tears were observed in the LFTJ of the affected joints of all foals, involving the meniscal body (n=3) and caudal horn (n=1). Purulent material within the torn tissue, was debrided with a synovial resector. Foal 1 was lame-free as a yearling. Foal 2 was lame at walk at 7.5 months and euthanatized due to poor prognosis. Foal 3 showed mild lameness at trot in a straight line at 6 months. Disruption of the LM continued to be visible on US in both foals at these time-points. Conclusion: Meniscal disruption and infection should be considered a differential in neonatal foals with persistent femorotibial septic arthritis. In such cases, the LM could be the primary nidus of infection.

The human population is growing rapidly, increasing pressure on natural habitats. Suitable habitats for resident and migratory waterbirds are, therefore, more threatened. This study analyses how the presence of anthropogenic land cover (urban area and cropland) on multiple spatial scales affects the community composition of waterbirds along the Nile in Egypt. We analysed data collected during the international waterbird census, 2017-2018, combined with data from satellite images on land cover at a multi-spatial scale. The census covered 970 km, compromising 194 shoreline transects of 5 km along the River Nile, Egypt. The area includes a broad gradient of human disturbance, making this dataset ideal for assessing effects of anthropogenic land cover on waterbird community composition. We tested whether the waterbird community indices and guild composition were associated with urban area and cropland, and other land covers (e.g., grassland, wetland) at spatial scales of 100, 500, 1,000 and 5,000 m. We recorded over 96,000 waterbirds and show that landscape characteristics at larger spatial scales (5,000 m) explained more of the species and guilds’ presence than smaller scales. Species richness increased with increasing water surface area of the river within the transect and decreased with increasing urban area and cropland. Waders were negatively associated with urban area. Overall, the guilds’ composition was poorly predicted by anthropogenic land cover and other landscape compositions, probably because species within a guild do not react similarly to increasing human disturbance. The probability of observing red-listed species decreased with increasing urban area. With this study, we expand on the existing evidence by showing that species richness negatively correlates with anthropogenic pressure, and we highlight the importance of studying the responses of species rather than guilds. Our study shows the relevance of considering the landscape at larger scales while planning for conservation measures, especially in such human-dominated landscapes. https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01178

Early life adversity predicts shorter adult lifespan in several animal taxa. Yet, work on long-lived primate populations suggests the evolution of mechanisms that contribute to resiliency and long lives despite early life insults. Here, we tested associations between individual and cumulative early life adversity and lifespan on rhesus macaques at the Cayo Santiago Biological Field Station using 50 years of demographic data. We performed sex-specific survival analyses at different life stages to contrast short-term effects of adversity (i.e., infant survival) with long-term effects (i.e., adult survival). Rhesus macaques exposed to adversity at birth suffered a significant increase in mortality risk during infancy with both individual and cumulative adversities having the highest impact among affected females. However, when considering adult lifespan, affected males showed higher vulnerability to both individual and cumulative adversities early in life. Our study shows profound immediate effects of insults at birth on female infant cohorts and suggests that affected female adults are more robust (i.e., viability selection). In contrast, adult males who experienced harsh conditions early in life showed an increased mortality risk at older ages as expected from hypotheses of long-term effects of individual, as well as cumulative, adversity early in life. Our study reveals that mortality risk during infancy is mainly driven by the type of adversity, rather than their accumulation at birth. However, cumulative adversity seems to play a major role in adult survival. Our analysis suggests sex-specific selection pressures on life histories and highlights the need for studies addressing the effects of early life adversity across multiple life stages. This information is critical for planning life stage-specific strategies of conservation interventions.

Hepatocellular carcinoma concurent with gastric adenocarcinoma is a rare but possible case. In addition, selecting an effective treatment for two primary cancers is often difficult. In this report, we present the first case of hepatocellular carcinoma concurent with gastric adenocarcinoma treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab combination therapy.

Introduction: Testicular epidermoid cysts are rare tumors that occur in 1% of testicular tumors and are often misdiagnosed as malignant lesions clinically. We report six cases of epidermoid cysts. Case Presentation: The chief complaints were scrotal induration in five patients and pruritus scrotum in one patient, and the patients were aged

CASEAn 83-year-old Japanese woman presented with multiple chronic painful pretibial ulcers on both extremities that first appeared 3 years earlier, as diagnosed by a dermatologist. She reported generalized edema and blurred vision, without fever, night sweats, weight loss, or arthralgia. Four years prior to presentation, she had bilateral hilar adenopathy, which was diagnosed as an epithelioid cell granuloma through biopsy. Upon examination, the ulcers displayed asymmetric features with violaceous borders and necrotic bases, while the surrounding tissues appeared erythematous and edematous (Figure 1). The patient also exhibited erythematous plaques on both arms and bilateral uveitis. Laboratory tests revealed an elevated eosinophil count of 2630 μL (reference range: 70-440) and an elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) concentration of 25.5 U/L (reference range: 8.3–21.4). Antinuclear antibody test, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody test, interferon gamma release assays, and serological tests for syphilis yielded negative results. Deep vein thrombosis, vascular insufficiency and cardiac abnormalities were ruled out upon ultrasonography. Plaque biopsy of the right arm revealed perivascular dermatitis with giant cells. As further evaluation ruled out other possibilities, the patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis and initiated on systemic prednisolone (0.7 mg/kg/day). Subsequently, the prednisolone dose was gradually tapered to 5 mg/day, leading to complete healing of the ulcers within 12 months (Figure 2).DISCUSSIONIn this case, the ulcers exhibited atypical characteristics. Clinical signs of atypical ulcers include a necrotic wound bed, a purple border, surrounding inflammation, an unusual site such as the proximal calf, asymmetry sites and severe pain1. The differential diagnosis of atypical ulcers includes external, neoplastic, vasculopathic, hematologic, infectious, drug-induced, and inflammatory etiologies, including sarcoidosis.1 Atypical ulcers are differentiated from typical ulcers caused by venous insufficiency, diabetes, ischemia, or pressure1.Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease affecting multiple organs. Cutaneous involvement occurs in approximately 20%–35% of patients with sarcoidosis2. Common skin manifestations include maculopapules, nodules, plaques, infiltrative scars, lupus perio(specific lesions), and erythema nodosum (nonspecific lesion)2. Only 4.8% of patients with skin lesions develop skin ulcers. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is established based on clinical and histopathological findings after excluding other potential causes. Differential diagnoses for ulcerative sarcoidosis include necrobiosis lipoidica, atypical mycobacterial infection, malignancy, and trauma2,3. Although a biopsy of the ulcerative lesions was not performed due to concerns about delayed skin healing, we suspected sarcoidosis based on the ulcer features, such as necrotic ulcers with violaceous rolled borders in the pretibial erea2. Additionally, the patient’s history of hilar lymphadenopathy, bilateral uveitis, elevated ACE concentration, and histopathological analysis of the lymph nodes supported the diagnosis. The patients was finally diagnosed with ulcerative sarcoidosis based on her rapid response to corticosteroids.References1. Nickles MA, Tsoukas MM, Sweiss N, Ennis W, Altman IA. Atypical ulcers: a stepwise approach for clinicians. Wounds. 2022 Oct;34(10):236-244.2. Fernandez-Faith E, McDonnell J. Cutaneous sarcoidosis: differential diagnosis. Clin Dermatol. 2007;25(3):276-287.3. Wanat KA, Rosenbach M. Cutaneous Sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med. 2015 Dec;36(4):685-702.

The monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in 2022 has renewed interest in the detection of antibodies against orthopox viruses (OPXV) and MPXV, as serological methods can aid diagnostics and are key to epidemiological studies. Here three complementary serological methods are described with different strengths to aid the development and evaluation of in-house assays: An immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for specific detection of IgG and IgM, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for higher sample throughput to aid epidemiological studies and a neutralization test (NT) to detect virus neutralising antibodies. As implementation of MPXV-specific diagnostics is often hampered by the requirement for a dedicated biosafety level 3 laboratory (BSL-3), the focus is on biosafety aspects to facilitate safe testing also under BSL-2 conditions. To this aim, IFA and NT titres of sera are compared after MPXV or cowpox virus infection or vaccinia virus immunization by using both homologous and heterologous antigens. Because of a large degree of cross-reactivity, vaccinia virus could be used as a less virulent alternative to MPXV, as VACV can be handled under BSL-2 conditions. Furthermore, an inactivation method to remove potentially infectious virus particles from viraemic sera without compromising antibody detection was developed. Although the existing immunological cross-reactivity between OPXV prevents species differentiation by general serological methods, it also provides an opportunity for the interchangeable usage of different OPXV species in serological assays, enabling MPXV serology outside of BSL-3 facilities.

Personalized health monitoring and prediction have become essential for improving health- care delivery, especially with the growing prevalence of chronic diseases and an aging population. Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a promising approach for developing personalized health mon- itoring systems that can predict health outcomes accurately and efficiently. With the increasing availability of personal health data, DL-based methods have emerged as a promising approach to improve healthcare delivery by providing accurate and timely predictions of health outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent developments in the application of DL for personalized health monitoring and prediction. It summarizes various DL architectures and their applications for personalized health monitoring, including wearable devices, electronic health records, and social media data. Furthermore, the article also explores the challenges and future directions for the application of DL in personalized health monitoring. valuable insights into the potential of DL for personalized health monitoring and prediction.

Introduction- Cannabis use disorders are global emerging problem nowadays, with high prevalence and morbidity. Though cognitive impairments are one of the most replicated findings in individuals with cannabis dependence, but there are very few studies assessed cognitive functioning as a risk factor for cannabis use disorder. In this study, we assessed cognitive functioning as an endophenotype in cannabis use disorders. Methodology- In this study comparison of cognitive functioning was done among three groups- patients with cannabis dependence syndrome, their first degree relative (FDR) and normal healthy controls (HC). Each group included 30 participants. Individuals of all three groups were assessed in domains of complex attention, executive functions, language, learning and memory and perceptual-motor. Results- Performance of patients with cannabis dependence was impaired in attention, verbal memory, executive functions compared to both other groups. Attention, semantic verbal fluency and memory were found to be an endophenotype as both patient and FDR group performed poorly than HC group. Verbal memory was impaired in patients’ group compared to group of first-degree relatives, whose performance in-turn impaired than normal healthy controls. Performances of verbal and visual memory were correlated positively with age of onset and negatively with frequency of cannabis intake. Age of first-degree relatives was inversely correlated with verbal memory. Conclusion- Performance of individuals with cannabis dependence was impaired than normal healthy controls in all domains of cognitive functioning. As per definition, verbal memory could be considered as an endophenotype marker in cannabis use disorders.

A document by Kala Shrestha. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background and Objectives: There are limited data on cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator-related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) outcomes beyond infancy. The goal of this study was to analyze outcomes of infants with CRMS up to the age of 9-10 years using the CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR). Methods: We analyzed data from the CFFPR for individuals with CF and CRMS born between 2010-2020. We classified all patients based on the clinical diagnosis reported by the CF care center and the diagnosis using CFF guideline definitions for CF and CRMS, classifying children into groups based on agreement between clinical report and guideline criteria. Descriptive statistics for the cohort were calculated for demographics, nutritional outcomes, and microbiology for the first year of life and lung function and growth outcomes were summarized for ages 6-10 years. Results: From 2010-2020, there were 8,765 children with diagnosis of CF or CRMS entered into the CFFPR with sufficient diagnostic data for classification, of which 7,591 children had a clinical diagnosis of CF and 1,174 had a clinical diagnosis of CRMS. CRMS patients exhibited normal nutritional indices and pulmonary function up to age 9-10 years. The presence of respiratory bacteria associated with CF, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa from CRMS patients ranged from 2.1-9.1% after the first year of life. Conclusions: Children with CRMS demonstrate normal pulmonary and nutritional outcomes into school age. However, a small percentage of children continue to culture CF-associated respiratory pathogens after infancy.