We report an unusual finding of DCIS within a cystic lesion in a black man highlighting the need for adequate workup, and timely follow-up for men with breast/chest wall masses given the lack of screening in this population. Furthermore, we will explore how race contributes to prognosis and health outcomes.

We have reported the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of the top layer carbon-doped hexagonal Boron Nitride(h-BN) bilayer at B/N-sites using the density functional theory implemented in Quantumwise VNL-ATK package. The calculated structural and electronic properties of the h-BN bilayer are in agreement with the previously reported results. A single carbon doping on B and N sites modifies the large band gap semiconducting behaviour of h-BN bilayer similar to dilute magnetic semi-conducting material with a net magnetic moment of 1.001 μ B and 0.998 μ B , respectively. For double doping at B/N sites net magnetic moment increases to 1.998 μ B and 1.824 μ B , respectively. Whereas for triply carbon doped bilayer system at B/N sites, the system changes to metallic behaviour. Upon carbon doping at N-site, we obtained transition from Non-Magnetic semiconductor(Pristine) → Magnetic semiconductor(1C) → Half-Metal ferromagnetic(2C) → Metal(3C). Whereas, in case of doping at the B-site, we observed transition from Non-Magnetic Semiconductor(Pristine) → Magnetic Semiconductor(1C) → Metal (2C, 3C). Analysis from the PDOS plot of the car- bon doped systems reveals that the net magnetic moments are contributed by the 2p orbitals of carbon and partial contribution from the neighboring nitrogen and boron atoms, respectively. As 1,2C doping at the B-site reduces the energy band gap to 0.81-1.8 eV which falls in the visible spectrum and thus such system further opens up an opportunity to be utilised as a photocatalys material. Our carbon doped systems show a magnetic semiconducting behavior with a nite magnetic moment which is one of the criteria for a spintronic material. So, our system looks promising in this regard. Also, Carbon doping can be considered as a simple approach to tune the band gap of the Boron Nitride bilayer system.

Placenta accreta spectrum: Welcome progress and a call for standardization.Mini-commentary for BJOG on Kayem et al 2021 BJOG-20-1462R3Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is among the most feared causes of maternal morbidity worldwide, and yet few prospective data are available to inform best practice. PAS is rare enough that rigorous study in a single center is difficult, but common enough that most obstetric hospitals now encounter PAS. Management and outcomes vary strikingly between hospitals and best practice, regrettably, is guided more by expert consensus than by level I evidence. In fact, most clinical questions regarding management of PAS are informed by essentially no prospective data (Collins et al. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220:511-526).Into this data void has come the PACCRETA cohort (Kayem et al. Act Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013;92:476-482) and some of its first results, published in this issue of BJOG (Kayem et al. BJOG 2021). PACCRETA is a prospective population-based study from 176 hospitals in France, capturing 30% of all French deliveries, from from 2013 to 2015. The study investigators identified 249, or 4.8 per 10,000, cases of PAS.Of all PAS patients, Kayem and colleagues found that a full half did not have the classic combination of risk factors for PAS (previa with history of cesarean). This group had lower morbidity and milder disease than those with the classic combination. Only 17% of those without classic risk factors were diagnosed antenatally. The message here is mixed: those without classic PAS risk factors are less likely to be diagnosed antenatally (bad) but appear to suffer less morbidity overall (good).But did these patients actually have PAS? Only 21% of those without prior cesarean and previa had a hysterectomy. Although this could be due to a regional preference for conservative treatments, the presence of false positives seems likely. Without a hysterectomy specimen, the diagnosis of PAS is difficult, controversial, and (in our opinion) highly susceptible to overdiagnosis. The authors define “strict” criteria for true cases of PAS, but several criteria depended entirely on the subjective assessment of a clinician faced with a difficult placental removal and the flawed principle of PAS as diagnosis of exclusion . Difficulty in manual placental removal or massive bleeding from an implantation site does not always indicate that microscopic PAS was present. Similarly, areas of prior cesarean section scar dehiscence (windows) where the placenta can be seen through the serosa are often diagnosed as percreta (Figure) without any histological evidence of the villous tissue having invaded through the serosa or beyond (Hecht et al. Modern Pathol 2020;33:2382-2396).We congratulate Kayem and colleagues for the current study and all of their important contributions to our understanding of PAS. However, these data illustrate the need for standardization of the definition of PAS, especially in conservatively managed cases with considerable potential for misdiagnosis. There is a desperate need for controlled studies of patients with antenatally suspected PAS with detailed and objective documentation of imaging, intra-operative findings, and when available, histopathological examination. In absence of such studies, the void of definitive data to guide treatment options will remain wide open.

88-year-old male with recent history of mastoiditis status post completing outpatient antibiotic regimen presented with worsening neck pain. Found to have complications of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, skull base osteomyelitis and a retropharyngeal mass. This is the eleventh case in medical literature reporting on this phenomenon.

Endocarditis due to multidrug-resistant Enterococci and specifically multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium (E. fαecium) is rare. Optimal antimicrobial therapy still remains undefined and a challeging issue. We report a case of native valve endocarditis due to vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE) in a 65-years-old man with significant comorbid conditions.

We describe a case of permanent pacemaker implantation in a 59-year-old male with subclavian vein occlusion undergoing hemodialysis. The balloon-target puncture technique aided successful and safe transvenous permanent pacemaker implantation.

Cytogenetic diagnosis of disseminated epithelioid glioblastoma harboringBRAF V600E mutationManabu Natsumeda1, Yu Kanemaru1, Yukie Kawaguchi2, Hajime Umezu2, Akiyoshi Kakita3, Yukihiko Fujii11 Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan2 Division of Pathology, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan3 Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, JapanCorrespondence:Manabu Natsumeda, Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan 951-8585ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors would like to acknowledge Jotaro On, Shoji Saito and Shingo Nigorikawa for help with sequencing.INTRODUCTIONEpithelioid glioblastoma is a rare, aggressive variant of glioblastoma, characterized by frequent dissemination, poor prognosis and recurrentBRAF V600E mutations.1 Dramatic response to BRAF and MEK inhibitor treatment, including the present case,2 has been reported, so screening for BRAFV600E in epithelioid glioblastoma is imperative. We have previously reported reliable detection of the driver mutation MYD88 P265L in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) extracted from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).3, 4 In the present case, cytopathologic examination and liquid biopsy of CSF was diagnostic for BRAFV600E-mutant epithelioid glioblastoma.CASE REPORTA 57-year-old man presented with headaches and dysphasia. A left frontal tumor, relatively well circumscribed, showing subependymal enhancement of the left frontal horn, was observed on MR images.2Total removal of the parenchymal tumor was achieved. Hematoxylin eosin staining of the tumor revealed the presence of discohesive, round tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm and laterally positioned nuclei and focal necrosis in a mucinous background (Figure 1A). Thus, the pathological diagnosis was epithelioid glioblastoma. BRAF V600E mutation was detected by both droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) (Figure 1B) and the Sanger method (Figure 1C). Variant allele frequency (VAF) determined by ddPCR was 52.1%. During radiation and concomitant temozolomide treatment, the patient became comatose and MR images subsequently taken showed hydrocephalus and diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement. An emergent lumbo-peritoneal shunt was placed, but obstruction of the lumbar side shunt tube was observed after only three days, so the shunt was removed, and an external ventricular drainage was placed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the obstructed shunt tube revealed aggregation of tumor cells (Figure 1D).After completion of adjuvant treatment, a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt procedure was performed. However, immediately after shunting, the patient displayed symptoms of paraplegia. Spinal MR images showed thick spinal dissemination and diffuse syringomyelia.2Cytological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by Papanicolaou staining revealed apparent epithelioid tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm, laterally displaced nuclei and lacking cellular processes (Figure 2A). BRAF V600E mutation from circulating tumor DNA was detected by both Sanger sequencing (Figure 2B) and ddPCR (Figure 2C) after approval from the institutional review board of Niigata University (#G2018-0008) and obtaining written consent. VAF was comparable to that of the tumor at 47.5%. The disseminated lesions showed dramatic response to whole spine irradiation and combined BRAF and MEK inhibitor treatment, which has previously been reported in detail.2DISCUSSIONIn the present case, tumor cells with epithelioid appearance were found by cytological analysis of CSF in an epithelioid glioblastoma patient with spinal dissemination. Leptomeningeal dissemination is observed in a third of these patients,1 and survival after dissemination is especially dismal. We speculate that epithelioid glioma can easily disseminate because of two reasons. First, these glioma cells are unique in that they lack cytoplasmic processes and are round shaped. This morphological characteristic may help these tumor cells readily spread through the neuraxis. Induction of BRAF V600E mutation in neuroprogenitor cells in Ink4a/Arf knockout mice produced well demarcated gliomas with growth into subarachnoid and Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces.5 Secondly, these cells are naturally discohesive, and may be able to stay alive and multiply even at the single cell state in CSF. We established the cell line NGT41 from tumor cells taken at autopsy of the present patient.2These cells grew as neurospheres from single cells in serum free culture media and had high expression of CD133. Interestingly, epithelioid glioblastoma cells are morphologically similar to melanoma cells,1 and cultured melanoma cells, which frequently harbor BRAF V600E mutations, are known to have increased expression of stem cell markers including CD133, CD166 and nestin.6Liquid biopsy, usually by detection of circulating tumor cells or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), has revolutionized the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cancer.7 Both methods are promising, but presently, methods to detect ctDNA are more sensitive. We have previously reported reliable detection MYD88 L265P mutation in ctDNA extracted from CSF in primary central nervous system lymphomas using the Maxwell RSC ccfDNA Plasma Kit (RSC; Promega, Leiden, the Netherlands) is feasible.3, 4 Using the same methods, we were able to detect BRAF V600E in CSF by both Sanger sequencing and ddPCR. ddPCR is 100 times more sensitive than Sanger sequencing, and we found that of 10 (40%) lymphoma cases which were thought to be MYD88 P265L wildtype by Sanger sequencing, 4 (40%) were in fact P265L mutant by ddPCR.4 However, in cases such as the present one, in which diffuse spinal dissemination is observed, mutations may be detected by Sanger sequencing alone.Though detection of BRAF V600E is not diagnostic for epithelioid glioblastoma, as it is also found in brain tumors such as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, ganglioglioma and pediatric low-grade gliomas, it can serve as a rationale for targeted treatment. Next generation sequencing panels for liquid biopsy such as Guardant360R and FoundationOneR Liquid CDx are available for use in solid tumor patients, albeit from blood. At least one genetic alteration was found from plasma in 55% of glioblastoma patients by Guardant360R,8 but concentrations of ctDNA is known to be in higher in CSF of brain tumor patients compared to plasma.3 Clinical application of a liquid NGS panel analyzing ctDNA extracted from CSF in brain tumor patients,9 is awaited.Because of the high risk of dissemination in epithelioid glioblastoma, CSF cytology and post-contrast whole spine MRI should be periodically repeated. For patients with evidence of dissemination at diagnosis, we propose that craniospinal irradiation should be performed. In a different epithelioid glioblastoma patient showing disseminating disease of the cervical spine at presentation, CSI was performed upfront and lead to long-term control of disseminating disease for more than 2.5 years (Figure S1). Other brain tumors showing leptomeningeal dissemination include glioblastoma, PCNSL, metastatic brain tumors such as metastasis of breast cancer and EGFR -mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NCSLC), medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor and malignant germ cell tumors. Screening for ctDNA can be sequentially performed to monitor for disseminating disease or CNS relapse in addition to CSF cytology and/or tumor markers such as AFP and β-HCG in germ cell tumors. Hotspot (C228T, C250T) TERT promoter mutations for glioblastoma and oligodendroglioma, IDH1 R132H forIDH1 -mutant gliomas, MYD88 L265P for PCNSL,3 EGFR mutations for metastatic NCSLC10 are just some of the possible examples of diagnostic markers for the various brain tumors.CONFLICT OF INTERESTThe authors have no conflict of interest to declare.REFERENCES1. Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, et al. WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system . IARC; 2016.2. Kanemaru Y, Natsumeda M, Okada M, et al. Dramatic response of BRAF V600E-mutant epithelioid glioblastoma to combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitor: establishment and xenograft of a cell line to predict clinical efficacy. Acta Neuropathol Commun . Jul 25 2019;7(1):119.3. Watanabe J, Natsumeda M, Kanemaru Y, et al. Comparison of circulating tumor DNA between body fluids in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma . Dec 2019;60(14):3587-3589.4. Watanabe J, Natsumeda M, Okada M, et al. High detection rate of MYD88 mutations in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with central nervous system lymphomas. JCO Precis Oncol . 2019;3:1-13.5. Robinson JP, VanBrocklin MW, Guilbeault AR, Signorelli DL, Brandner S, Holmen SL. Activated BRAF induces gliomas in mice when combined with Ink4a/Arf loss or Akt activation. Oncogene . Jan 21 2010;29(3):335-44.6. Klein WM, Wu BP, Zhao S, Wu H, Klein-Szanto AJ, Tahan SR. Increased expression of stem cell markers in malignant melanoma. Mod Pathol . Jan 2007;20(1):102-7.7. Ignatiadis M, Lee M, Jeffrey SS. Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA: Challenges and Opportunities on the Path to Clinical Utility. Clin Cancer Res . Nov 1 2015;21(21):4786-800.8. Piccioni DE, Achrol AS, Kierdrowski LA, et al. Analysis of cell-free circulating tumor DNA in 419 patients with glioblastoma and other primary brain tumors. CNS Oncol . 2019;8(CNS34)9. Miller AM, Shah RH, Pentsova EI, et al. Tracking tumour evolution in glioma through liquid biopsies of cerebrospinal fluid. Nature . Jan 2019;565(7741):654-658.10. Shingyoji M, Kageyama H, Sakaida T, et al. Detection of epithelial growth factor receptor mutations in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with lung adenocarcinoma suspected of neoplastic meningitis. J Thorac Oncol . 2011;6(7):1215-1220.

Vector-borne parasites often manipulate hosts to attract uninfected vectors. For example, parasites causing malaria alter host odor to attract mosquitoes. Here we discuss the ecology and evolution of fruit-colonizing yeast in a tripartite symbiosis – the so-called “killer yeast” system. “Killer yeast” consists of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast hosting two double stranded RNA viruses (M satellite dsRNAs, L-A dsRNA helper virus). When both dsRNA viruses occur in a yeast cell, the yeast converts to lethal toxin‑producing “killer yeast” phenotype that kills uninfected yeasts. Yeasts on ephemeral fruits attract insect vectors to colonize new habitats. As the viruses have no extracellular stage, they depend on the same insect vectors as yeast for their dispersal. Viruses also benefit from yeast dispersal as this promotes yeast to reproduce sexually, which is how viruses can transmit to uninfected yeast strains. We tested whether insect vectors are more attracted to killer yeasts than to non‑killer yeasts. In our field experiment, we found that killer yeasts were more attractive to Drosophila than non-killer yeasts. This suggests that vectors foraging on yeast are more likely to transmit yeast with a killer phenotype, allowing the viruses to colonize those uninfected yeast strains that engage in sexual reproduction with the killer yeast. Beyond insights into the basic ecology of the killer yeast system, our results suggest that viruses could increase transmission success by manipulating the insect vectors of their host.

The management of an unusual nasal foreign body is illustrated. A 34-year-old male presented to our outpatient clinic after inhalation of liquid cast during preparation of a plaster mask. The foreign body had solidified within the nasal cavities, causing obstruction and headache. Ambulatory removal was incomplete, therefore ESS was indicated.

We define multiplicative derivative and its properties on time scales. Then, we restate many concepts for multiplicative analysis such as derivative, Rolle's theorem, mean value theorem and increasing decreasing property on time scales. We aim to create important fields of study by carrying this most important issue of multiplicative analysis, which has applications in economics, finance and many other fields, to time scale calculus

Until recently many historical museum specimens were largely inaccessible to genomic inquiry, but high-throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches have allowed researchers to successfully sequence genomic DNA from dried and fluid-preserved museum specimens. In addition to preserved specimens, many museums contain large series of allozyme supernatant samples but the amenability of these samples to HTS has not yet been assessed. Here, we compared the performance of a target-capture approach using alternative sources of genomic DNA from ten specimens of spring salamanders (Plethodontidae: Gyrinophilus porphyriticus) collected 1985–1990: allozyme supernatants, allozyme homogenate pellets, and formalin-fixed tissues. We designed capture probes based on double-digest restriction-site associated (RADseq) sequencing derived loci from seven of the specimens and assessed the success and consistency of capture and RADseq technical replicates. This study design enabled direct comparisons of data quality and potential biases among the different datasets for phylogenomic and population genomic analyses. We found that in phylogenetic analyses, all replicates for a given specimen clustered together, but in principal component space, RADseq replicates did not cluster with corresponding capture-based replicates. SNP calls were on average 18.3% different between technical replicates, but these discrepancies were primarily due to differences in heterozygous/homozygous SNP calls. We demonstrate that both allozyme supernatant and formalin-fixed samples can be successfully used for population genomic analyses and we discuss ways to identify and reduce biases associated with combining capture and RADseq data.

Background & Aim: Autophagy is a cytoprotective recycling mechanism, capable of digesting dysfunctional cellular components, and this process is associated with pro-survival outcomes. Autophagy may decline in the aging myocardium, thereby contributing to cardiac dysfunction. However, it remains to be established how autophagy responds to ischemia-reperfusion stress with age. Methods: Samples from the right atrium were collected from young (≤50 years; n=5) and aged (≥70 years; n=11) patients prior to and immediately following cardioplegic arrest during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, a model of human ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results: Mitochondrial content did not differ between the age groups, however a 32% reduction in UQCRC2 (0.74 vs 0.53, effect of age, p=0.03) was seen with age, indicating possible compositional disruptions. In response to IR, VDAC (0.75 vs 1.05, p=0.03) and COX-I protein (0.63 vs 1.10, p=0.03) was over expressed in young, but not in aged patients. Reductions in Parkin (0.95 vs 0.49, interaction effect, p=0.04) and NIX (0.60 vs 0.21, p=0.004) protein expression with age suggest an impairment in mitochondrial recycling, which may lead to an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Following IR, our data suggest that in the young cohort, autophagy is reduced as a Beclin-1 decreased by 63% (0.95 vs 0.36, p=0.001) and no changes were observed in either p62 or LC3-II:I ratio. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate a blunted cardiac mitochondrial response to ischemia with age, accompanied by a possible impairment in mitophagy. These findings support an age-associated inability of the atrial myocardium to mount appropriate adaptive responses to stress.

To analyze the evolution of a chemical property along the reaction path, we have to extract all the necessary information from a set of electronic structure computations. However, this process is time-consuming and prone to human error. Here we introduce IRC-Analysis, a new extension in Eyringpy, to monitor the evolution of chemical properties along the intrinsic reaction coordinate, including complete reaction force analysis. IRC-Analysis collects the entire data set for each point on the reaction coordinate, eliminating human error in data capture and allowing the study of several chemical reactions in seconds, regardless of the complexity of the systems. Eyringpy has a simple input format, and no programming skills are required. A tracer has been included to visualize the evolution of a given chemical property along the reaction coordinate. Several properties can be analyzed at the same time. This version can analysis the evolution of bond distances and angles, Wiberg bond indices, natural charges, dipole moments, and orbital energies (and related properties).

Background: The effects of maternal ritodrine hydrochloride administration (MRA) during pregnancy on fetuses and offspring are not entirely clear. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between MRA and childhood wheezing using data from a nationwide Japanese birth cohort study. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a nationwide birth cohort study, conducted between 2011 and 2014. Data of women with singleton births after 22 weeks of gestation were analyzed. The participants were divided according to MRA status. Considering childhood factors affecting the incidence of wheezing, a logistic regression model was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for “wheezing ever,” diagnosis of asthma in the last 12 months, and “asthma ever” in women with MRA, with women who did not receive MRA as the reference. Participants were stratified by term births, and adjusted odds ratios for outcomes were calculated using a logistic regression model. Results: A total of 68,123 participants were analyzed. The adjusted odds ratio for wheezing ever was 1.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.22). The adjusted odds ratios for the other outcomes did not significantly increase after adjusting for childhood factors. The same tendency was confirmed after excluding women with preterm births. Conclusion: MRA was associated with an increased incidence of childhood wheezing up to three years, irrespective of term births or preterm births. It is important that perinatal physicians consider both the adverse maternal side effects of MRA and its potential effects on the offspring’s childhood.

We developed a nonbreeding period continental-scale energetics-based model of daily waterfowl movement to predict year-specific migration and overwinter occurrence. The model approximates energy-expensive movements and energy-gaining stopovers as functions of metabolism and weather, in terms of temperature and frozen precipitation (i.e., snow). The model is a Markov process operating at the population level and is parameterized through a review of literature. We examined model performance against 62 years of non-breeding period daily weather data. The average proportion of available habitat decreased as weather severity increased, with mortality decreasing as the proportion of available habitat increased. The most commonly used nodes during the course of the nonbreeding period were generally consistent across years, with the most inter-annual variation present in the overwintering area. Our model revealed that the distribution of birds on the landscape changed more dramatically when the variation in daily available habitat was greater. The main routes for avian migration in North America were predicted by our simulations: the Eastern, Central, and Western flyways. Our model predicted an average of 77.4% survivorship for the nonbreeding period across all years (range = 76.4 – 78.4%), with lowest survivorship during the fall, intermediate survivorship in the winter, and greatest survivorship in the spring. We provide the parameters necessary for exploration within and among other taxa to leverage the generalizability of this migration model to a broader expanse of bird species, and across a range of climate change and land use/land cover change scenarios.

Reactor corrosion and salt deposition problems severely restrict the industrialization of supercritical water oxidation. Transpiring wall reactor can effectively weaken these two problems through a protective water film formed on its internal surface. In this work, the effects of key structural parameters on water film properties of transpiring wall reactor were explored by numerical simulation, and established models were validated by comparing simulation and experimental values. The results show that transpiration water layer, transpiring wall porosity and inner diameter hardly affected organic matter degradation. Increasing transpiration water layer and transpiring wall porosity reduced reactor center temperatures in the middle and lower zones of the reactor. Increasing transpiration water layer, transpiring wall porosity and inner diameter decreased water film temperatures but increased water film coverage rates. Increasing reactor length affected slightly on the volume of the upper supercritical oxidation zone but enlarged the subcritical zone.

We present the development and application of a two-phase stirred reactor model for heavy oil upgrading in the presence of supercritical water (SCW), with coupled phase-specific thermolysis reaction kinetics and multicomponent hydrocarbon water phase equilibrium. We demonstrate the inference of oil and water phase kinetics parameters for a compact lumped reaction kinetics model through the application of this model to two different sets of batch reactor experiments reported in the literature. We infer that, though SCW can suppress the formation of newer polynuclear aromatics (PNA) from distillate range species, it is broadly ineffective in deterring the combination of pre-existing PNA fragments in the oil feed. Quantification of the conversion to distillate liquids before the onset of coke formation helps arrive at a clearer conclusion on whether the use of SCW in the batch reactor leads to better product outcomes for different oil feeds and operating conditions.

The first part of this study showed that the triglyceride composition of purified oils has little impact on sterol/sterol ester oleogels. Hence, changes in the gels’ properties observed in previous studies must arise from minor polar components, particularly by changing the interactions within the fibrillar network. Selected molecules (oleic acid, tocopheryl acetate, monoglycerides, and water) were added to three purified oils to unravel the individual contributions introduced by different functional groups. While all additives retarded the molecular self-assembly of sitosterol with oryzanol, distinct effects were found for gel hardness, transition temperatures and enthalpies, strain sweep responses, and microstructure. It was discovered that the maximum storage modulus in the linear viscoelastic region does not necessarily relate to the gels’ compression firmness. In samples comprising oleic acid and tocopheryl acetate, discrete interaction mechanisms with the scaffolding elements were suggested since results between the two additives developed differently and were dose-dependent. A network supporting effect was suggested at low concentrations, in line with previous results for oils comprising low levels of thermal deterioration products. The microstructure of oleogels was considerably modified with additives. Unfortunately, effects are difficult to quantify due to the packed surface observed in AFM micrographs.