Narcissism is a complex dimension related to the self and characterized by grandiosity and/or vulnerability. Grandiosity is related to explicit dominance, self-importance and entitlement while vulnerability is characterized by the feelings of incompetence, inadequacy and negative affect. According to psychodynamic scholars shame can be considered as the core narcissistic affect, however different dynamics might characterize the experience of shame in grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Although narcissism and shame have received a certain attention in the literature, a comprehensive review of empirical research examining the relationship between these constructs is still missing. Therefore, our systematic review comprised 25 studies on narcissism in its different manifestations and its relation with shame, as different from guilt. We subdivided our articles in three main clusters: 1) correlational studies of narcissistic personality features, 2) studies on narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and 3) experimental task studies. Overall our findings show that: i) shame is mainly related to vulnerable narcissism while narcissistic grandiosity seems to be a defensive structure towards threatening affect for the self; ii) guilt doesn’t seem to be consistently related to narcissism across studies; iii) NPD studies confirmed the findings of grandiosity as a defensive structure to preserve the self of the individual, while, on the other hand, when NPD is more vulnerable (e.g., depressive, suicidal, etc.), it seems to be more prone to experience shame; iv) experimental studies investigating narcissism in different scenarios, like performance judgements, dishonesty and spirituality, again confirmed the different dynamics between grandiosity and vulnerability related to shame.

Field monitoring plays a crucial role in understanding insect dynamics within ecosystems. It facilitates pest distribution assessment, control measure evaluation, and prediction of pest outbreaks. Additionally, it provides important information on bioindicators with which the state of biodiversity and ecological integrity in specific habitats and ecosystems can be accurately assessed. However, traditional monitoring systems can present various difficulties, leading to a limited temporal and spatial resolution of the obtained information. Despite recent advancements in automatic insect monitoring traps, also called e-traps, most of these systems focus exclusively on studying agricultural pests, rendering them unsuitable for monitoring diverse insect populations. To address this issue, we introduce the Field Automatic Insect Recognition (FAIR)-Device, a novel non-lethal field tool that relies on semi-automatic image capture and species identification using artificial intelligence via the iNaturalist platform. Our objective was to develop a low-effort, cost-effective, and non-specific monitoring solution capable of providing high-resolution data for assessing insect diversity. During a 26-day proof-of-concept evaluation, the FAIR-Device recorded 24.8 GB of video, identifying 431 individuals from 9 orders, 50 families, and 69 genera. While improvements are possible, our device demonstrated potential as a cost-effective, non-lethal tool for monitoring insect biodiversity. Looking ahead, we envision new monitoring systems such as e-traps as valuable tools for real-time insect monitoring, offering unprecedented insights for ecological research and agricultural practices.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, a particularly lethal cancer, with the majority of cases dead inside the first year. Mortality statistics have barely changed in over fifty years. Case history: This case history recounts the atypical presentation of a rare pancreatic adenocarcinoma as an aggressive pancreatic pseudocyst, that required multiple drainage/ablative surgeries, mostly in a short time span of 3 months, and recurring. Biopsy revealed its true nature as a rare mucinous adenocarcinoma, by then stage 4 with peritoneal metastases, therefore deemed inoperable, the worst prognosis. Palliative FOLFOX chemotherapy followed by SABR radiotherapy were proposed, with the PARP inhibitor, Olaparib planned as maintenance treatment. These therapies were not expected to radically change the prognostic outlook. However, on compassionate grounds, some experimental therapies, were combined, intended to synergise with the palliative protocols. These therapies included daily high dose methylcobalamin injections, twice weekly, intravenous high dose, vitamin C, liposomal alpha lipoic acid, a ketogenic diet, anti-cachectic medium chain triglyceride oil, high dose vitamin D and a functional food containing colostrum, naturally high in the activated vitamin D binding protein, as well as in lactoferrin, haptocorrin and other immune modulating components. In addition, a quartet of off label drugs, which early research shows have some anti-cancer actions, were prescribed: doxycycline, metformin, atorvastatin and the antiprotozoan drug, mebendazole. Outcome: The patient responded well to these protocols, and was on the road to recovery within 6 months, and in complete remission for almost two years now. The rationale for such therapies is reviewed and analysed, and weighting is assessed for the individual therapies. We propose that such an integrative combination of standard/non standard, research based therapies may provide a blueprint for survival in pancreatic cancer that deserves formal clinical trials. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Interaction with pollinators has been proposed as one of the most important factors shaping the diversity of flowering plants. Spatial variation in the directions of the selective pressure exerted by pollinators drives the evolution of adaptive differentiation. Thus, across-population studies of flower traits and plant-pollinator interaction are therefore an important step to understanding the diverse selective pressures that drive floral evolution in zoogamous angiosperms. In this study, we combine observational data and field experiments to describe the assemblages of pollinators, breeding systems, and reward properties in studied populations of the Middle East geophyte, Fritillaria persica. Natural populations of this species include two floral color morphs with greenish or purple flowers, in both morphs the nectaries of the outer whorl are covered by the tepals of the inner one. Our study documented geographical variation in the pollination system of two color morphs of F. persica. Visitors recorded in both populations were similar qualitatively, however, their contribution varied. Nectar sugar concentration and profile were generally constant in studied populations, we recorded differences only in nectar volume and concentration of amino acids. These results suggest that the observed variation in nectar production is likely to be a result of environmental factors, rather than pollinator-mediated selection. In the context of reward, we also tested how uncovering the hidden nectar reward from outer tepals influences potential pollinators. Uncovering hidden reward did not change the time spent in one flower or inflorescence penetration, however, it increased the number of seeds produced. The similarity of nectar properties and pollinator assemblages suggests that in the context of pollination, F. persica represents a rather generalistic strategy, and observed differences may be caused by abiotic factors.

There is an urgent need for woodland expansion to help mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss. However, the process of natural regeneration of forest ecosystems is often slow, requiring active reforestation approaches. Factors limiting regeneration are complex, but there is increasing evidence that natural expansion of woodlands onto sites that have been treeless for a long period of time may be limited by the loss of microbial woodland-soil properties. This study explored the potential role of mycorrhizal associations in facilitating obligate ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree establishment. We determined the spatial distribution patterns of ECM tree seedlings – Pinus sylvestris and Betula spp. - outwith the existing woodlands, in relation to established dual-mycorrhizal Salix. There was very strong evidence that ECM tree seedlings were more likely to be found growing within groups around dual-mycorrhizal Salix than as isolated individuals, supporting the view that Salix drives the current spatial distribution patterns by supporting tree establishment. We suggest that the ability of Salix to form dual-mycorrhizal associations with both arbuscular (AM) and ECM fungi allows these plants to become established across the open AM dominated vegetation. Over time these plants can become colonised by ECM fungi via aerial spores and then act as a source of inoculum for obligate ECM tree seedlings, which land as seeds in the vicinity of Salix. This study highlights the potential role of dual-mycorrhizal Salix as a nurse plant in supporting secondary forest succession of obligate ECM boreal/temperate woodland species onto adjacent open areas through nucleation. Overall, we concluded that there is potential for existing ECM networks to aid tree establishment and propose a nature-based approach to maximize reforestation efforts by targeting existing symbiotic fungal networks as nucleation points for tree planting. Our findings contribute to understanding the ecological dynamics involved in woodland expansion and restoration.

Geographic heterogeneous of both species-environment and inter-specific relationships play important roles in shaping the ecological characteristics of wildlife habitat selection and population distribution. However, how geographic heterogeneous affect the distribution of a target species in predator-prey systems, especially in human-dominated landscapes, is still unclear. Based on line transect survey and monitoring network, this study examined the spatial heterogeneity of habitat selection of Amur tiger and leopard, as large carnivores, and their main ungulate prey, wild boar and roe deer, in Northeast China, by applying logistic Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) in conjunction with global logistic regression (GLM). Our results suggested that, the geographic heterogeneity effects of habitat factors on the habitat selection of target species are manifested in the intensity and trends of the heterogeneous effects. Furthermore, ungulate prey exhibit preferences for particular types of habitats, subsequently promoting the distribution patterns of large felids. Our findings highlight the significance of spatial non-stationarity in ungulate prey habitat selections, and this may be the key to promoting large carnivores adapting to habitats around roads and reducing habitat isolation and reduction caused by road avoidance of ungulates.

Background: The American cockroach ( Periplaneta Americana, CraA) is a strong risk factor for allergic sensitization and asthma morbidity. Molecular phylogenetic studies demonstrated termites are social cockroaches specialized in feeding on plant materials. We hypothesized that termite allergies may be misdiagnosed as cockroach allergies due to cross-reactivity in routine clinical tests. Herein, we defined the allergenic cross-reaction between CraA and termites and determined the clinical significance of termite allergies. Methods: Protein extracts from the three major castes (alate, soldier, and worker) of two termite species, Coptotermes formosanus, and C. gestroi, were prepared for skin prick test and IgE immunoblotting with human subjects. Results: Of the 16 termite-exposed subjects, nine (56%) had a positive immediate skin reaction to C. formosanus or C. gestroi, but only two individuals were reactive to CraA. Among the termite-allergic subjects, 8 had rhinitis and one had dermatitis, which manifested as itchy eczematous skin rashes. Immunoblotting revealed 7 allergenic components could bind specific-IgE antibodies in 8 termite-allergic patients. The major allergens of 30/32-, 43-, and 70-kDa were Copt f 7, Copt f 9, and Copt f 3 by immunoblot inhibitions. Antibodies against Per a 3, Per a 4, and Per a 6 recognized bands in both extracts of cockroach and alate termites, indicating a more similar gene expression between alate termites and cockroaches compared to worker and soldier castes. Conclusions: Our study underscores the importance of recognizing termites as a novel indoor allergenic source and the necessity for further research to develop effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

In this research, we introduce the Finite Pointset Method (FPM) as an innovative approach for approximating transient linear bio-thermoelasticity in skin tissues, addressing the complex interplay between thermal and elastic effects under three distinct shock conditions. Our study demonstrates significant potential for clinical applications, providing a framework for precise measurement and optimization of therapeutic parameters. Through a comprehensive parametric analysis, we explore temperature distribution and displacement profiles within tissue, emphasizing the impact of coupling parameters and perfusion rates. Notably, our findings reveal the cooling effects induced by perfusion under both coupled and uncoupled scenarios and highlight the variability of thermal responses based on the coupling parameter. This research contributes to the interdisciplinary field of biomedical engineering, offering novel insights into haemodynamics problems using FPM and paving the way for advancements in medical technology and therapeutic strategies.

Glycosylation, a significant form of post-translational modification (PTM) in organisms, is aberrantly expressed in cancer due to altered glycosyltransferase activity. Studies have shown specific changes in glycan structures associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. This study analyzed glycans in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and found a significant reduction in glycans containing the bisecting-GlcNAc structure. Further investigation revealed that reduced expression of β-1,4-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT3) downregulates epithelial markers, promoting EMT. Additionally, we observed a notable downregulation of both mRNA and protein expression of Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) in early-stage LUAD, with FOXA2 loss emerging as an adverse prognostic indicator. Cellular models demonstrated that FOXA2 deficiency decreased MGAT3 expression during TGF-β1-driven EMT, leading to reduced levels of bisecting-GlcNAc N-glycans in LUAD cells. Our findings unveil a novel mechanism underlying the downregulation of MGAT3 and bisecting GlcNAc N-glycan expression during EMT, a process crucial for tumor metastasis.

Microscopic epibionts are important components of an intertidal ecosystem. However, because the epibionts are established on habitats provided by basibiont (host) organisms, the epibionts are affected by both the characteristics of basibionts and the environmental conditions on the shore. Here, we hypothesized that variations in the epibiont community were affected by the mobility, size, and surface roughness of the basibiont organisms, and environmental conditions during a one-month period in spring. Epibionts growing on 16 basibiont species belonging to Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplacophora and Echinoidea, as well as those that had settled on plastic objects were collected from a rocky shore in Niigata, Japan. Most epibionts collected were diatoms, and the highest epibiont density was recorded on the surfaces of the limpet Cellana toreuma. The epibiont community changed significantly from April to May, and was also shaped by the characteristics of the basibionts. The results indicated that basibionts with sessile, large, or smooth surfaces had higher taxonomic richness, Simpson diversity, and epibiont density than those with mobile, small, or rough surfaces. Multivariate analysis of the epibiont community confirmed the importance of these basibiont characteristics and the survey month. Six groups of epibiont community were identified based on their contrasting sample communities, and each had their own indicator species. The results indicate that both environmental changes from April to May and changes in basibiont species promote changes in the epibiont community in this coastal region.

Delayed Hypoglossal Nerve Injury After Traumatic Skull Base Fracture: A Case Report and Literature ReviewMalik S. Obeidallah BA, Max Fleisher, MD, Peter Harris, MD, Khashayar Mozaffari BS, Michael Rosner, MDGeorge Washington University Department of Neurosurgery, Washington, DC, USAShort Title: Delayed Hypoglossal Nerve Injury After Traumatic Skull Base Fracture   Corresponding Author:Malik S. ObeidallahDepartment of Neurological SurgeryThe GW School of Medicine & Health SciencesTel: 201-452-8872Email: [email protected]: hypoglossal, delayed, trauma, palsy   Data availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.Key Clinical MessageOur case demonstrates that delayed hypoglossal palsy secondary to trauma can be resolved with conservative, non-operative management with a team-based approach.IntroductionThe authors discuss a case of a delayed hypoglossal nerve (HGN) injury arising three months after occipital condyle fracture (OCF) caused by a motor vehicle accident. Delayed HNP is a rare complication following OCF. Management of OCF often fails to prevent or relieve HNP over time with chronic persistence of tongue deviation and atrophy, dysphagia, and dysarthria. To date, there are only 11 cases of delayed isolated HNP after skull base trauma in the literature. Of the 11 reported cases, only three report a complete resolution of hypoglossal nerve injury [1,2,3]. While the exact mechanism for the delayed onset palsy remains unclear, it has been suggested that callus formation during normal healing can impinge on the nerve as it exits the canal [2,4,5]. Herein, the authors present the case of a patient who developed HNP three months following the initial presentation at our institution. This case illustrates considerations when dealing with OCFs, as well as management of delayed HNP, a documented but rare complication of skull base fractures adjacent to the hypoglossal canal.Case History and ExaminationA 25-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) after a car accident, sustaining an Anderson and Montesano type III occipital condyle fracture. Other injuries included fractures of the left thumb and radius, the latter treated surgically. Initially neurologically intact, she chose a non-surgical approach with a cervical-thoracic orthosis (CTO) brace. Three months later, she developed dysphagia and tongue weakness and atrophy without deviation. Imaging revealed a healing fracture affecting the right hypoglossal canal and nerve edema. Treatment with methylprednisolone was initiated, alongside multidisciplinary care involving neurosurgery, otolaryngology, speech language pathology (SLP), and physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR). Subsequent evaluations indicated modest improvement in tongue paresis, and she eventually experienced complete symptom resolution over the next three months.MethodsA 25-year-old female with no significant past medical history presented to the ED in 2022 following a car accident in which she was a restrained passenger. Imaging was performed in light of facial abrasions, neck pain, and tingling in both hands. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed an occipital condyle fracture, classified as Anderson and Montesano type III. (Figures 1-3). Other injuries included fractures of the left thumb and radius, which were treated surgically.  She was otherwise intact neurologically. An magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the cervical spine did not show any ligamentous disruption or cord compromise, and discussion of various treatment options including surgical fixation versus halo immobilization versus cervicothoracic orthosis (CTO), the patient elected for CTO brace for eight to ten weeks. At two month follow up, she noted gradual improvement in her presenting symptoms, and after confirmation on X-ray that the fracture had healed, her brace was discontinued.At the three month mark, she presented to the ED with complete resolution of her initial symptoms but noted new dysphagia and tongue weakness over the past week. She had severe atrophy on the right side of her tongue and had great difficulty moving it to the left. She had no other cranial nerve dysfunctions. Speech was fluent without dysarthria. She had dysphagia without signs of aspiration. Imaging demonstrated a healing fracture causing obscuration of the internal opening of the right hypoglossal canal as well as perineural edema of the intracanalicular portion of the nerve (Figures 1-4). The options of observation, steroids, or surgical decompression of the right hypoglossal canal were discussed with the patient, who preferred conservative management. She underwent a trial of methylprednisolone and was advised to make appointments with ENT and SLP as well.  Laryngoscopy performed by ENT confirmed no other palate deformities or swallowing malfunctions indicative of additional lower cranial nerve injuries. SLP evaluation noted modest, gradual improvement in tongue paresis. Via telehealth encounter at the one year mark, the patient stated that her HNP had completely resolved three months after its delayed onset.Conclusion and ResultsThis case describes a unique situation in which the delayed HNP successfully resolved following conservative management. Moreover, it underscores the need for clinicians to be vigilant for delayed nerve palsies in skull base fractures. We present a case of delayed hypoglossal nerve palsy caused by the healing process of an occipital condyle fracture.  his case illustrates the delayed fashion in which the palsy can present, and represents, to our knowledge, the only reported case of a true delayed HNP from OCF that completely resolved without surgical intervention. Through a multidisciplinary approach including neurosurgery, ENT, and SLP, a complete recovery is possible from this rare secondary injury.DiscussionIsolated hypoglossal nerve palsy is a rare complication of traumatic occipital condyle fracture, and can evade diagnosis by presenting in a delayed fashion. Atraumatic cases are even rarer, and occasionally involve cervical vertebral junction tuberculosis [2,6,7]. Moreover, HNPs that result as a consequence of OCFs are notoriously difficult to treat. In fact, from 1989 to 2024, only 11 cases of isolated HNP have been reported with only three achieving complete resolution (see Table 1). Traumatic cases of OCFs more commonly result in Collet-Sicard syndrome (unilateral palsy of the lower cranial nerves) and it has been suggested that isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy are less common because the anterior condylar canal is located near the jugular foramen, within 7 mm on the intracranial side and 3 mm on the extracranial side [1]. Vadivelu et al were the first to demonstrate a causal relationship between decompression of the canal and resolution of neuropraxia and HNP. This supports the idea that callus formation over the nerve during the healing process is responsible for the delayed presentation of the HNP.Management of OCF is often conservative, and relies on the use of a rigid cervical collar for 6 weeks or longer [8]. However, to our knowledge, there is no other reported evidence of complete resolution of HNP through conservative management alone. In one notable exception, Ucler et al. report the use of methylprednisolone to treat HNP 3 days following OCF. However, the rapid onset and resolution of the HNP suggests that the palsy was a result of edema and not callus formation or permanent damage to the hypoglossal nerve. Our patient achieved complete resolution of HNP through conservative treatment, but also with the use of an interdisciplinary team of ENT and SLP.Author Contributions:Author 1: conceptualization, formal analysis, writing – original draftAuthor 2: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, writing – review and editingAuthor 3: writing – review and editingAuthor 4: writing – review and editingAuthor 5: supervision, validationAuthor Consent Statement: I, Malik Sameer Obeidallah, affirm that written informed consent has been collected from the patient by the authors and proof of consent is available upon request.ReferencesLegros B, Fournier P, Chiaroni P, Ritz O, Fusciardi J. Basal fracture of the skull and lower (IX, X, XI, XII) cranial nerves palsy: four case reports including two fractures of the occipital condyle–a literature review. J Trauma. 2000;48(2):342-348. doi:10.1097/00005373-200002000-00031Vadivelu S, Masood Z, Krueger B, et al. Long-term resolution of delayed onset hypoglossal nerve palsy following occipital condyle fracture: Case report and review of the literature. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2017;8(2):149-152. doi:10.4103/jcvjs.JCVJS_34_17Ucler N, Yucetas SC. Occipital Condyle Fracture Extending to the Inferior Part of the Clivus. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2018;53(4):282-285. doi:10.1159/000487512Noble ER, Smoker WR. The forgotten condyle: the appearance, morphology, and classification of occipital condyle fractures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1996;17(3):507-513.Demisch S, Lindner A, Beck R, Zierz S. The forgotten condyle: Delayed hypoglossal nerve palsy caused by fracture of the occipital condyle. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1998;100(1):44-45. doi:10.1016/s0303-8467(97)00111-xBasu S, Gohil K. Delayed Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy After Halo-Vest Immobilization in a Patient With C1-C2 Tuberculosis: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect. 2022;12(3):e22.00053. Published 2022 Aug 12. doi:10.2106/JBJS.CC.22.00053Dattatreya Sitaram C, Nishanth A, Bhat SN, Kundangar RS. Delayed hypoglossal nerve palsy following occipital condyle fracture. BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12(12):e232645. Published 2019 Dec 2. doi:10.1136/bcr-2019-232645Nwachuku E, Njoku-Austin C, Patel KP, et al. Isolated traumatic occipital condyle fractures: Is external cervical orthosis even necessary?. Surg Neurol Int. 2021;12:524. Published 2021 Oct 19. doi:10.25259/SNI_748_2021Orbay T, Aykol S, Seçkin Z, Ergün R. Late hypoglossal nerve palsy following fracture of the occipital condyle. Surg Neurol. 1989;31(5):402-404. doi:10.1016/0090-3019(89)90076-1Wasserberg J, Bartlett RJ. Occipital condyle fractures diagnosed by high-definition CT and coronal reconstructions. Neuroradiology. 1995;37(5):370-373. doi:10.1007/BF00588014Castling B, Hicks K. Traumatic isolated unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy–case report and review of the literature. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995;33(3):171-173. doi:10.1016/0266-4356(95)90292-9Muthukumar N. Delayed hypoglossal palsy following occipital condyle fracture–case report. J Clin Neurosci. 2002;9(5):580-582. doi:10.1054/jocn.2001.1067Rué M, Jecko V, Dautheribes M, Vignes JR. Delayed hypoglossal nerve palsy following unnoticed occipital condyle fracture. Neurochirurgie. 2013;59(6):221-223. doi:10.1016/j.neuchi.2013.05.003

Tittle: Megaprosthesis Infection by Bacteroides fragilis in a patient with Ewing’s Sarcoma: a case report and literature review.Authors: Yoleidys  Martinez-Ysasis1. Antonella Francesca Simonetti2. Ferran Navarro3.e-mail address: [email protected] Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.2Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain;3Genetics and Microbiology Department. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIb Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spai; Microbiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain .Corresponding author: Ferran Navarro.email address : [email protected]

In this case study we present the course of the psychotherapy of Myriam, a 19-year old female with a severe personality disorder and comorbid eating disorder. During the initial assessment she reported high levels of neuroticism that parallel the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and anorexia nervosa. Myriam showed a severely impaired personality functioning defined by perfectionism, self-criticism, interpersonal guilt and overcontrol. Her daily experience was shaped by a self-recriminative inner dialogue associated with maladaptive patterns in the form of food, water and sleep restrictions, self-harm behaviors, and suicidal ideation. She accessed an integrative treatment based on individual (Evolutionary Systems Therapy) and group psychotherapy (Mindful Compassion for Perfectionism). At the end of 14-month intervention she remitted from all the categorical diagnoses and showed reliable changes in several measures. These outcomes were maintained at 3-month follow-up. We describe the integrative conceptualization based on Myriam’s perfectionistic self-recrimination patterns, and the consequent treatment that targeted these patterns rather than focusing on symptom reduction exclusively.

Forest bird populations in Europe have remained stable overall, unlike the drastic decline in the populations of farmland species. However, this apparent overall stability may hide large variation among species. We aimed to determine if forest bird species with varying life histories and biome distributions show different population trends. We used functional traits and specialisation indices to study changes in abundance and distribution of European forest bird populations, and to identify “winner”, “loser”, and stable species. We defined change in abundance as the population trend of each species over the last 40 years, and change in distribution as two components: range change (i.e., area shrinkage or expansion) and range shift (i.e., latitudinal adjustments), both over the last 30 years. We also considered specialist groups of different biomes (i.e., boreal, temperate, Mediterranean and biome generalists) separately. We show that while Mediterranean and temperate species have increased in abundance and range, probably as the result of warmer temperatures and forest expansion in these regions, boreal forest species have declined in abundance and range area. This probably results from changes in forest structure and composition due to forestry practices, increasing temperatures, and colonisation of warm-dwelling species. Among boreal species, the ones related to mixed forest (i.e., mix of broadleaf and coniferous trees) declined the most, both in abundance and range, and shifted northwards. In contrast, for vertebrate carnivores (i.e., birds of prey), we observed abundance increase among Mediterranean species and southward expansion among all species. We conclude that forest bird species in Europe are sensitive to the combined effects of land use and climate change, and these effects vary among the different biomes. Our results highlight the necessity of maintaining and restoring key forest habitats (e.g. through increased protected areas and extensive management) and halting or limiting climate change, especially regarding boreal species.

Tittle Page:Myocardial bridging, unusual cause of myocardial infarction; case report and review of literatures.1Merga Daba, 1Dawit Bineyam,1Ibraist Yohannes, 1Beniam Yohannes,2Rabirra Waktola, 3Eshetu Bedada1Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.2Department of Radiology and MRT, St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.3Cardiology unit, Department of Internal medicine, College of Health Sciences , Addis Ababa University , Addis Ababa , EthiopiaCorrespondence : Merga Daba, Department of Internal medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Tel: +251912684411, Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Although population genomics approaches have been successful in identifying regions of the genome shaped by natural selection, the progress in dissecting the molecular mechanisms of adaptive variants and traits has been slow. By integrating multi-tissue (gill, spleen, olfactory rosette, whole eye and liver) transcriptomes from 16 wild Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) populations and previously identified footprints of selection based on whole genome scan, we prioritize tissues, candidate genes and putative SNP-gene expression associations involved in humic adaptation of this keystone freshwater fish. Over 5,000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered across the five tissues. A significant excess of outlier SNPs among DEGs found in the gill and spleen tissues indicated their involvement in humic adaptation. Further, 3,617 cis-eQTLs that associate with gene expression variation in perch were identified, with approximately 9% of genes harbouring cis-eQTLs showing differential expression between humic and clear-water habitats. Several cis-eQTLs were found in the regions showing most consistent signals of selection also harbouring DEGs (chr. 5: PLAGL2, chr. 7: PPP1R8, TCHH, chr. 8: IFITM3). Thus, our integrative analyses enabled to pinpoint specific organs that play a key role in adaptation, prioritize candidate genes under divergent selection based on their expression patterns, and identify links between SNPs and transcript abundance variation. We expect that the multi-omics strategy outlined in this work provides a practical framework for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic diversification and adaptation for wide range of species.

Introduction The docking button of the Aveir leadless pacemaker (LP) is often difficult to access due to its inappropriate position in the right ventricle (RV). Methods and Results We report a case where the Aveir LP was successfully retrieved by releasing the wedged docking button in the inferior wall of the RV using a loop wire technique. Conclusion The loop wire technique may be useful to change the position of the Aveir LP. This may be helpful to retrieve the Aveir LP even in the case where the docking button is wedged in the inferior wall of the RV.