Synergy between pollinators and flower strips is an emerging strategy that favors agricultural sustainability and biodiversity conservation. Bees and other pollinators, together with flower strips, are crucial components that can be exploited to improve pollination and biological pest control in crops. However, few publications review the topic, especially in Colombia. Therefore, to Know and understand this intersection will enable the development of more appropriate management tools to maximize ecological and agricultural benefits. We compiled studies based on a bibliometric and systematic analysis using the Web of Science database (WoS) of either approach that looked for an association pollinators/flower strips. The records obtained were analyzed using graph theory and tools such as VOSviwer and Tree of Science divided into three categories: classical, structural and recent. 155 studies were identified the main author was Tscharntke Teja, important authors such as Klein, Alexandra and Potts, Simon have an H-index of 74 and 80 respectively. In addition, the countries with the highest production in this area are Germany in first place, England in second and the United States in third, allowing to conclude that the integration of pollinators and floral strips has awakened a growing interest among international communities, although it is still considered an emerging field within scientific research. The research outcomes provide valuable insights for future research trends and agricultural policies focused on biodiversity conservation and mitigation the effects of climate change. The findings suggest that flower strips in enhancing ecosystem services, underlining their role in increasing biodiversity and the resilience of agroecosystems.

Full Title of the Manuscript:Thrombolytic Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Complicated by Periprosthetic Hip Fracture: A Case Report

Title: Type 1 Diastematomyelia Presenting in Adulthood; an Atypical Presentation

A document by Emanuele Amore. Click on the document to view its contents.

Cyanobacteria developed oxygenic photosynthesis and represent the phylogenetic ancestors of chloroplasts. The model strain Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 grows as filaments of communicating cells and can form heterocysts, cells specialized for N 2 fixation. In the Anabaena genome, ORF all2390 is annotated as encoding a SulA homolog, but sequence similarity to SulA of model bacteria is unsignificant. We generated strains that lacked or overexpressed all2390, both of which showed instances of increased cell size, and observed that purified All2390 protein interfered with the in vitro polymerization of FtsZ. Heterocyst frequency diminished by all2390 inactivation and increased by all2390 overexpression. Overexpression retarded the dismantlement of Z-ring structures that sets commitment in the differentiating cells. Thus, All2390 can influence cell division affecting heterocyst differentiation. An All2390-GFP fusion protein localized to the thylakoidal membranes in vegetative cells and to the honeycomb membranes, which harbor photosynthetic complexes, in the heterocyst polar regions. Notably, all2390 expression strongly increased under high light, conditions under which the null mutant is unable to survive. Thus, All2390 appears essential for adaptation to high light conditions. We name All2390 ThyZ to reflect its dual role in FtsZ-ring dynamics and acclimation of thylakoidal membranes to increased light intensity.

1. Plant species composition and diversity are interactively driven by various environmental variables; including climate and land-use. 2. In the drylands of Ghana, the relative importance of these drivers for plant species composition and diversity are still poorly understood and this affects the identification and implementation of appropriate management strategies. 3. Using a combined gradient approach, the study sought to investigate the predictors of species richness and diversity of both the tree and the herbaceous layers in the drylands of Ghana. The study area comprises a steep climatic gradient from the forest-savanna transition to the sudan savanna of Ghana in combination with local gradients of land-use and soil conditions. 4. We used species richness and the Shannon-Wiener Index as response variables. Linear mixed-effect models and model selection were used to test the relationships between multiple environmental variables and the response variables. 5. We found clear differences in species composition between land-use types across the climatic gradient for both the tree and herbaceous layers. We also found differential responses of the herbaceous and tree layers to environmental drivers. Grazing pressure was the most important predictor of both response variables. Climatic aridity and fire were only directly important for herbaceous vegetation but not the tree layer although their indirect effects on the tree layer cannot be discounted. For soil properties, organic matter was important for both vegetation layers. Magnesium and base saturation were only important for the tree layer, while sodium, organic matter and pH were important for the herbaceous layer. 6. Synthesis: The marked differences in species composition for various land-uses along the climatic gradient imply that climate change will indeed affect vegetation. The observed importance of grazing for all response variables implies that land-use could override climate effects and that appropriate land management strategies could mitigate potential negative effects of climate change.

Background: Health planning is essential for effective public health interventions and optimal resource utilisation. The Portuguese General Directorate of Health has a long history of developing health plans and programmes, for communicable and noncommunicable diseases, and their determinants. This study aimed to review the current 24 programmes and assess the adequacy of their structure and content. Methods: A document analysis was conducted using a programme assessment matrix developed by the research group. Two independent researchers evaluated each programme, scoring items as ”absent,” ”present,” or ”not applicable.” A quantitative analysis was employed to analyse compliance scores between priority and non-priority programmes and across the year of publication. Results: Of the 24 existing programmes, 16 complied with at least 75% of the predefined items. Priority programmes had an 83% global compliance score, surpassing non-priority programmes (with 33% of compliance). While the healthy eating programme achieved 100% compliance, the programme on sexual and reproductive scored the lowest (19%). The item least commonly present was “updated time scope”, in only 21% of the programmes. Most recently published programmes were more likely to have a higher compliance score (Β = 0.76, 95% CI: [0.46, 1.05]). Not all programmes were publicly available in the same digital location. Conclusions: There was heterogeneity in the 24 health promotion programmes in terms of structure, content, timeliness, and accessibility. A standardised structure could enhance their quality and ease their interpretation and dissemination.

This paper uses suicidality in bipolar disorder (BD) as a case study demonstrating the preferability of multidimensional over reductionist frameworks in accounting for complex phenomena with cognitive, psychological, socio-environmental, and physiological components. Suicidality, or behaviors and thoughts concerning an intention to end one’s life, illustrates the interplay between diverse factors. This multidimensionality is reflected in the heterogeneous strategies for managing suicidality, which range from psychosocial and cognitive to pharmaceutical and technological interventions. Suicidality in BD is a multi-dimensional phenomenon whose study has been productive through the methods of several disciplines. For instance, suicidality in BD is partly genetic and can be aggravated by symptomatic periods, suggesting physiological causal factors. However, some features of suicidality in BD underscore the causal roles of cognitions. Notably, suicidality can persist beyond depressive periods, and is sometimes experienced during mania. This may be due to persistent suicidal ideation, highlighting the need to account for cognitive or psychological causal factors. Models of suicidality in BD typically adopt a pluralistic approach that does not reduce one dimension to another. Rather, they are treated as different facets of a complex phenomenon that interact and influence each other. Moreover, recent studies have shown the promise of physical interventions, e.g., electroconvulsive therapy and deep-brain stimulation, in the treatment of suicidality in BD. Socio-environmental interventions have been successful in suicide prevention more generally. This demonstrates how multidisciplinary, multidimensional explanations are most likely to productively account for how diverse factors contribute to suicidality along with genetic and physiological determinants.

The nonlinearity of soil moisture content, water potential, and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in soil layers makes it difficult to simulate wetting-drying cycles using conventional means. We addressed this issue using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). Based on the van Genuchten model, we solved the Richards equation with soil matric potential as the primary variable within the PINNs framework. The proposed approach was applied and validated in a typical deep-buried area at the Luancheng Experimental Station. We found that the PINNs method was as accurate as the finite difference method in simulating the vertical infiltration of soil moisture in a non-laboratory environment. Moreover, the model exhibited swift performance when the soil layer parameters were fine-tuned. Overall, this model accurately characterizes hydrological elements using minimal data, thereby providing a new approach for simulating related hydrological processes.

Indirect effects of hunting can lead to changes in population dynamics, which can be caused by trait-mediated effects such as, but not limited to, changes in behavior, reproduction, and physiological responses. Our understanding of the effects of activities associated with hunting such as dog training may incur trait-mediated effects and ultimately indirect effects to wildlife populations are underrepresented. We conducted a two-year study on a high-density wild bobwhite population to identify potential impacts of disturbance caused by spring dog training on survival and reproduction. We recorded 40 total encounters with radio-collared bobwhite, where the lowest seasonal encounter rate was 16.7% of available coveys and the highest was 50%. In 2021, mean survival for the control and treatment groups were 0.41 (95% CrI: 0.33, 0.49) and 0.38 (95% CrI: 0.31, 0.46), respectively. In 2022, mean survival for the control group was 0.45 (95% CrI: 0.38, 0.52) and 0.42 (95% CrI: 0.34, 0.50) for the treatment group. We also found no effect of treatment on fecundity and nest survival was similar for both years for both treatments. The neutral results of our study are likely attributed to low encounter rates. Future studies should focus on public land scenarios where disturbances are more frequent and food resources are likely more limited.

Water-use efficiency (WUE) and the stoichiometry of plant-soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are key indicators of plant growth, while stand quality is an important index for evaluating afforestation. Yet it remains unclear how WUE and stoichiometric characteristics respond to changes in stand quality in desert ecosystems. To that end, we studied the community characteristics of sand-fixing Caragana korshinskii stands differing in age (planted 10, 30, 50, and 70 years ago) in Mu Us Sandy Land, China, and measured their leaf water use efficiency (WUE) and leaf-soil C:N:P stoichiometry. The relations among the stand quality index, leaf WUE, and plant-soil stoichiometry were analyzed. After 70 years, WUE was at its lowest level, but only significantly lower than that of a 10-year-old C. korshinskii stand. Afforestation years had differential effects on C, N, and P nutrients and their stoichiometric characteristics in leaves and soil. For soil, its total P barely increased. Irrespective of stand age, the N:P ratio of leaves was > 16, which suggests P is the main factor limiting the development of C. korshinskii plantations. Notably, WUE decreased significantly as the stand quality index increased while soil stoichiometry responded more strongly than plant stoichiometry. These results can guide investigations into the role of C. korshinskii stands in plant and soil recovery effects, providing a scientific basis to evaluate the rational use of C. korshinskii sand-fixing forest in afforestation.

A document by Natalia Galaz-Souza. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major health concern, particularly for infants. In France, Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody to prevent RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) was available from September 2023. We described RSV-associated LRTI hospitalisations during the 2023-2024 season among infants younger than six months born at the Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), and evaluated the effectiveness of Nirsevimab against RSV-LRTI hospitalisation. Methods: This observational study included infants born and hospitalised at the HCL during the 2023-2024 season, along with pre-COVID-19 and 2022-2023 seasons. Information on Nirsevimab immunisation status, clinical and perinatal variables were collected through routine care. Infants’ characteristics and incidence risk of hospitalisation per 100 births during 2023-2024 were compared with the historical periods overall and by delay between birth and the onset of the RSV season. Nirsevimab effectiveness was computed by the screening method. Results: During the 2023-2024 season, 83 infants younger than six months were hospitalised with an RSV-associated LRTI. Compared with the historical periods these infants were older. Incidence risk for infants born during the period when immunisation was available were lower than the previous seasons; incidence risk ratios were 0.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): [0.33;0.62]) in 2023-2024 compared with pre-COVID-19 period and 0.53 (95%CI: [0.36;0.77]) compared with 2022-2023 season. Nirsevimab effectiveness was 78.3% (95%CI: [55.9 ;89.5]) with a coverage of 79.3% in the HCL maternities. Conclusions: This study revealed a change in the epidemiology of RSV-associated LRTI hospitalisations in 2023-2024. High coverage and effectiveness were estimated in real-world setting.

Introduction/Objectives: neuro-gastroenteritis existed since World-War-II dysen-tery outbreak, albeit mechanisms are yet ill-defined. Similarly, the post‐ COVID‐19-syndrome is a growing problem. The frequencies of neuro-gastrointestinal; gas-troesophageal-reflux (GERD), the inflammatory-bowel-syndrome (IBS), and mental health is not clear. Methods: we used descriptive analysis on stratified data obtained by online questionnaire sent nationwide and analyzed by Statistical Package for So-cial Sciences version 21 (SPSS: An IBM Company). Results: revealed the frequency and associations of different factors in the coexistence of the disorders in 2067 par-ticipants aged 18 to >60 years old. The majority were Saudis (94.7%, n= 1957), most were 18 - 29 years old (66%, n=1364) where young Saudi females were 72.4%, (n=1496). Estimated 1099 (53.2%) were students, 428 (20.7%) were unemployed, and 540 (26.1%) were employed. Psychological syndromes namely: anxiety (60.7%), stress (60.7%), and depression (60.7%) were most frequent and preceded other dis-orders in 51%, whereas IBS (48.7%) and GERD (36.3%) came 4th and 5th, respec-tively, with the latter two appeared first in 33.9%, and 24.3% respectively. In most respondents (59.2%, n=1178), the disorders first appeared recently, 33.6% (n=669) reported during adult life, and only in 7.2% (n=144) appeared in childhood (7.2%, n=144). Aggravating factors reported in family history (32.9%, n=681) of which 476 (69.9%) was IBS while 215(31.6%) and 175 (25.7%), respectively, were psycholog-ical and GERD. However, only 18.3% respondents sought treatment (n=378) with 66 (3.2%) had colectomy or a colostomy bag while 58%, (n=1201) were active outdoors. Disorders were significantly associated with age (P value =.001); GERD with old age, IBS with 40-49 years, and psychological disorders among youth. Conclusion: Thus, mental health and neuro-gastroenteritis dominated young women while the IBS and GERD occurred first in old and mid-ages, respectively. These have significant im-plications in treatment strategies and microbiome restorage. Future microbiome studies would reveal more insight into the mechanisms of disorders.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people living with HIV are at higher risk of smoking consequences than persons without HIV. Eswatini has put efforts in place to curb smoking in the country such as restriction of smoking in designated areas, prohibition of tobacco advertising and promotion, restrictions on tobacco packaging and labelling, but there is a dearth of literature to provide evidence on available smoking cessation programs in the country. This study aims to review and analyze the current state of smoking cessation programs in the country particularly for people living with HIV, and provide recommendations for a smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction framework for persons living with HIV. Official documents including the National Multisectoral HIV and AIDS Strategic Framework (2018 - 2023) and the Eswatini Integrated HIV Management Guidelines (2022) provide recommendations for the screening of lifestyle factors including smoking and advice for quitting. However, sufficient light is not shed on the processes for caring for PLHIV who also smoke. The study concludes that smoking cessation and harm reduction programs for persons who smoke have not been effectively incorporated into national guidelines and programs for persons living with HIV, and thus the development of a prototype framework to guide healthcare professionals in delivering care for PLHIV who smoke across the different care models for ART delivery, including the use of Safer Nicotine products (SNPs) when necessary, can be discussed in the review of national HIV care documents.

Background: Efficacy of allergen immunotherapy is dose-dependent; however, high doses of allergen may imply a greater risk of adverse reactions. Objective: To assess the safety and tolerability of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with mixtures of mite allergen extracts, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Blomia tropicalis (Dpt/Bt) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Lepidoglyphus destructor (Dpt/Ld) at maximum concentrations, in adult patients with allergic rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis, and controlled allergic asthma due to a clinically relevant sensitisation to these mites. Methods: An open-label, non-controlled, non-randomised, phase IIb clinical trial was carried out in three hospitals in Spain between September 2014 and May 2018. Patients received SCIT of either Dpt/Bt (100/1000 DPP/mL) or Dpt/Ld (100/100 DPP/mL) in two phases: a rush build-up phase on the first day (0.2 mL and 0.3 mL with a 30-minute interval) and a monthly maintenance phase administration (0.5 mL) up to 48 months. Results: Forty patients were recruited for the study, seven allocated to the Dpt/Bt group and 33 to the Dpt/Ld. None experienced immediate or delayed systemic Grade ≥2 reactions (EAACI classification) (systemic reactions were mostly Grade 1) nor died during the study. Local reactions were mostly mild (0‒10 cm). Thirty-nine patients (97.5%) experienced at least one adverse event (AE). Of the 283 reported AEs, eight (2.8%) were systemic reactions experienced by six (15%) subjects and 14 (4.9%) were local reactions sustained by ten (25%) subjects. Conclusions: SCIT treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis and controlled asthma with mixtures of Dpt/Bt and Dpt/Ld allergen extracts at maximum concentrations showed a favourable safety profile. Keywords: allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, House dust mites, Lepidoglyphus destructor, maximum extract concentrations. safety,

The increasing need to protect individual privacy in data releases has led to significant advancements in privacy-preserving technologies. Differential Privacy (DP) offers robust privacy guarantees but often at the expense of data utility. On the other hand, data pooling, while improving utility, lacks formal privacy assurances. Our study introduces a novel hybrid method, termed PoolDiv, which combines differential privacy with data pooling to enhance both privacy guarantees and data utility. Through extensive simulations and real data analysis, we assess the performance of synthetic datasets generated via traditional DP methods, data pooling, and our proposed PoolDiv method, demonstrating the advantages of our hybrid approach in maintaining data utility while ensuring privacy.

Accurate and appropriate cognitive screening has the potential to significantly enhance early psychosis care, yet no screening tools have been validated for the early psychosis population and little is known about current screening practices, experiences, or factors that may influence implementation. Using a hybrid type 1 design, the CogScreen study aims to validate two promising screening tools with young people with first episode psychosis (primary aim) and to understand the context for the implementation of cognitive screening in early psychosis settings (secondary aim). The present protocol outlines the implementation study, which aims to explore the experiences and practices, acceptability, feasibility, and determinants of cognitive screening in early psychosis settings from the perspective of key stakeholders. Young people with first episode psychosis (n=350), caregivers (minimum n=10), and service providers (minimum n=12) will be recruited from primary and specialist early psychosis services in Melbourne, Adelaide, and Sydney, Australia. Grounded in implementation science, two theoretical frameworks inform data collection and analysis: the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. A mixed methods design will be employed to collect and analyse data from questionnaires with young people with first episode psychosis, interviews with all stakeholder groups, and administrative processes. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data will be analysed through content analysis using deductive and inductive coding. Together with accuracy findings, results from the present implementation study will provide new insights about the practices, experiences, enablers and barriers to cognitive screening in early psychosis services.