Landlocking is a process whereby a population of normally diadromous fish becomes limited to freshwater, potentially leading to behavioural, morphological, and genetic changes, and occasionally speciation. The study of recently landlocked populations can shed light on how populations adapt to environmental change, and how such life-history shifts affect population-genetic structure. Kōaro (Galaxias brevipinnis) is a facultatively diadromous Southern Hemisphere galaxiid fish that frequently becomes landlocked in inland lakes. This study compares seven landlocked kōaro populations to diadromous populations from main and offshore islands of New Zealand. Genotyping-by-sequencing was used to obtain genotypes at 18,813 single nucleotide polymorphism sites for each population. Analyses of population structure revealed that most landlocked populations were genetically highly distinct from one another, as well as from diadromous populations. A few particularly isolated island and lake populations were particularly strongly genetically differentiated. Landscape characteristics were measured to test whether lake elevation, size, or distance from the sea predicted genetic diversity or differentiation from diadromous kōaro. While there were no significant relationships indicating isolation-by-distance or isolation-by-environment, we detected a trend toward lower genetic diversity in lakes at higher elevations. Our findings illustrate the critical role that landlocking can play in the structure of intraspecific genetic diversity within and between populations.

Jupyter Notebook is a popular tool among data analysts and scientists for working with data. It provides a way to combine code, documentation, and visualizations in a single, interactive environment, facilitating code reuse. While code reuse can improve programming efficiency, it can also decrease readability, security, and overall performance. We conduct a large-scale exploratory study of code reuse practices in the Jupyter Notebook development community on the Stack Overflow platform to understand the potential negative impacts of code reuse. Our findings identified 1,097,470 Jupyter Notebook clone pairs that reuse Stack Overflow code snippets, and the average code snippet has 7.91 code quality violations. Through our research, we gain insight into the reasons behind Jupyter Notebook developers' decision to reuse code and the potential drawbacks of this practice.

Background: Acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is a membrane-binding enzyme, which localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum. ACAT2 can promote the progression of colon cancer, but its efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD) is still not sure. Method: ACAT2 expression analysis was performed by TIMER2.0 database. GEPIA database was utilized to analyse co-relations between expression of ACAT2 and pathological stage of tumor. Kaplan-Meier analysis was analyzed its potential in clinical prognosis. CancerSEA database analysed correlations between expression of ACAT2 and functional status of different tumor displayed as a heatmap. The molecule interaction network analysis performed by the STRING tool. Results: ACAT2 was upregulated in patients with LUAD, and high expression of ACAT2 had a poor DFS and OS. Cox regression analysis indicated that the poor outcomes might be related to the tumour stage, nodal stage, distant metastatic stage. ACAT2 participated in biological process of cell cycle, DNA repair, DNA damage, proliferation. Enrichment pathway analysis showed four ACAT2-correlated genes, ACOX1, EHHADH, OXCT1, DLAT. Conclusion: ACAT2 might be a novel predictive biomarker and treated target.

We report a 20-year-old female, adopted Indian patient with over 662 Mb regions of homozygosity who presented with variants associated with symptoms in BBS6, STRC, and DUOX2 genes. And a VUS in the TNNT2 gene, so far without clinical correlation. Symptoms are not explained by only one gene.

Gallstone ileus is a rare entity which develops in only 0.3 to 0.5% of patients with cholelithiasis.Gallstone sigmoid ileus consists only 4% of all gallstone ileus patients.This incidence rate can be interpreted that 12-15 patients per 100,000 of all patients with gallstone ileus may diagnosed with sigmoid gallstone ileus .

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic shut-down of in-person research laboratories, remote data collection became mainstream in developmental psychology research. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of two remote data collection methods for studying sleep and motor development in infancy and the relationship between the two. We asked 1,371 parents of infants aged 4 to 17 months who used the Nanit baby monitor to take the on-line Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC) about their infants’ motor experience. Nanit uses auto-videosomnography and computer vision algorithms to calculate and report summary statistics of infants’ sleep. Nanit replicated all expected developmental trends in sleep, while the SWYC only replicated some, appearing to underestimate infants at the transition between motor milestones. However, we replicated some well-established findings regarding the relationship between sleep and motor development using both measures, suggesting that both Nanit and the SWYC can feasibly be used for remote data collection, especially if some modifications were made to how researchers explained using the SWYC to caregivers. Researchers should consider alternatives to traditional research methods not only when in-person participation is difficult or impossible, but also when large samples are needed and/or simple measurement tools are sufficient.

So far, various data-driven approaches have been presented to obtain channel state information (CSI) in mmWave multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless networks. In almost all previous works, training and testing channels were assumed to have the same distribution, which may not be the case in practice. In this paper, we address this challenge, by proposing a learning framework that is a combination of a long short-term memory (LSTM) network and a deep neural network (DNN) for estimating CSI in a dynamic wireless communication environment. Furthermore, we use federated learning (FL) to train the learning-based channel estimation (CE) model. More specifically, we introduce a two-stage downlink pilot transmission procedure, where in the initial stage, long frame length downlink pilot signals are used to train the introduced RNN-DNN model. Following that, users will receive shorter-frame-length pilot signals that can be used for CSI estimation. To speed up the training procedure of the proposed network, we first generate a pre-trained model and then modify it according to the collected data samples. Simulation results demonstrate that, when the channel distribution is unavailable, the proposed approach performs significantly better than the most recent channel estimation algorithms in terms of estimation performance and computational complexity.

Lung transplantation is a recognised therapy for end stage respiratory failure in children and young people. It is only available in selected countries, and is limited by access to suitable organs. Data on disparities in access and outcomes for children undergoing lung transplantation are limited. It is clear that data from studies in adults, and from studies in other solid organ transplants in children, that systemic iniquities exist in this field. While data relating specifically to paediatric lung transplantation are relatively sparse, professionals should be aware of the risk that health care systems may result in disparities in access and outcomes following lung transplantation in children.

Background: In preschoolers, performing an acceptable spirometry and measuring bronchodilator response (BDR) is challenging; impulse oscillometry (IOS) may be an alternative to spirometry. However, there is still no consensus in standardization of BDR for IOS in young children. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify optimal thresholds to define a positive BDR test with IOS. Methods: Young infants aged 3 to 6 years with suspected asthma were evaluated in a real life setting with both IOS and spirometry pre- and post-BDR. The BDR was defined as positive when the change of FEV1 was ≥12% and/or ≥200 mL. Results: Among 72 patients (age 4.98 ± 0.94 years; 64% boys), 36 (age 5.15 ± 0.99 years; 64% boys) were selected for the subsequent analysis according to ATS / ERS quality criteria of measurements. The spirometric BDR was found positive in seven subjects (19.4%). In IOS, the mean decrease in R5 and AX was 19.86% ± 10.04 and 44% ± 22.10, and the mean increase in X5 was 23.28% ± 17.82, respectively. A decrease in R5 of 25.7% (AUC 0.77, p = 0.03) and an increase in X5 of 25.7% (AUC 0.75, p = 0.04) showed the best combination of sensitivity and specificity to detect an increase of FEV1 ≥12% and/or ≥200 mL. Conclusion: The IOS may present a valid alternative to spirometry to measure BDR in preschool children. We are considering a decrease of 26% in R5 and an increase of 26% in X5 as diagnostic threshold for BDR.

Effective vaccines have reduced SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality; however, the elderly remain the most at risk. Understanding how vaccines generate protective immunity, and how these mechanisms change with age is key for informing future vaccine design. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are important for killing virally infected cells, and vaccines that induce antigen specific CD8+ T cells in addition to humoral immunity provide an extra layer of immune protection. This is particularly important in cases where antibody titres are sub-optimal, as can occur in older individuals. Here, we show that in aged mice, spike-epitope specific CD8+ T cells are generated in comparable numbers to younger animals after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, although phenotypic differences exist. This demonstrates that ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 elicits a good CD8+ T cell response in older bodies, but that typical age-associated features are evident on these vaccine reactive T cells.

Objective: Interpersonal difficulties are salient among those with a history of NSSI and precede NSSI urges and behaviors. Yet, limited research has focused on identifying which aspects of interpersonal stress may confer risk for NSSI. Method: The current study aimed to leverage data from two samples (combined n=206; n=114 with NSSI history) of participant-driven interviews regarding a recent interpersonal stressor to enhance the field’s knowledge of interpersonal difficulties in relation to NSSI risk. Results: Using topic modeling to extract thematic information, analyses identified four main topics: daily difficulties; family members; adjectives/verbal fillers; and friendship/romantic relationships. Relationships between the topics and three predictors (i.e., NSSI history, emotion dysregulation, sample) were examined. In one sample, the proportion of ‘adjectives/verbal fillers’ was greater for participants with a NSSI history and at higher levels of emotion dysregulation. Across samples, for participants with a NSSI history, ‘adjectives/verbal fillers’ and ‘friendship/romantic partners’ increased with levels of emotion dysregulation. Conclusion: Findings highlight a greater use of adjectives and verbal fillers among individuals with a history of NSSI and higher levels of emotion dysregulation. This pattern of language may serve as an indicator of a specific aspect of emotion regulation difficulties that confers risk for NSSI.

Brushless DC motor (BLDCM) is widely used in aerospace equipment. But the neuter port in conventional BLDCM windings could lead to torque ripples and low reliability. Each phase winding of the open winding BLDC is connected to an H-bridge inverter, and its phase voltage and phase current could be controlled independently, which has a certain fault tolerance. Firstly, the circuit topology and conduction mode of the open-winding brushless DC motor are introduced, and a Matlab simulation model is established according to the mathematical equation of the motor. Then, the operation characteristics of the open winding brushless DC motor with power device failure are analyzed, and the characteristics of two fault-tolerant control methods, compensation and reconstruction, are discussed. Finally, the open winding brushless DC motor and controller are processed, and the experimental platform is built to verify the operation characteristics of the open winding brushless DC motor with normal operation and compensation operation.

Background and Purpose: Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by using herbal medicines. Currently, no therapies are available to treat or prevent AAN. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of renal disease. We tested whether HDAC inhibitors could prevent AAN and determined the underlying mechanism. Experimental Approach: HDACs expression in the kidneys was examined. Mouse kidney and renal tubular epithelial cell damage were assessed after exposure to HDAC1 and HDAC2 blockade (FK-228). Conditional knock-in of Proline-serine-threonine-phosphatase-interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2) in the kidney and knockdown of PSTPIP2 expression in PSTPIP2-knockin mice, pathological parameters, and kidney injuries were assessed. Key Results: Aristolochic acid upregulated the expression of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in the kidneys. Notably, the HDAC1 and -2 specific inhibitor, romidepsin (FK228, Depsipeptide), suppressed aristolochic acid-induced kidney injury, epithelial cell pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis). Moreover, romidepsin upregulated PSTPIP2 in renal tubular epithelial cells, which was enhanced by aristolochic acid treatment. Conditional knock-in of PSTPIP2 in the kidney protected against AAN. In contrast, the knockdown of PSTPIP2 expression in PSTPIP2-knockin mice restored kidney damage and PANoptosis. PSTPIP2 function was determined in vitro using PSTPIP2 knockdown or overexpression in mTEC. Additionally, PSTPIP2 was found to regulate Caspase-8 in Aristolochic acid nephropathy. Conclusion and Implications: HDAC-mediated silencing of PSTPIP2 may contribute to aristolochic acid nephropathy. Hence, HDAC1 and -2 specific inhibitors or PSTPIP2 could be valuable therapeutic agents for the prevention of aristolochic acid nephropathy.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis. Its success as a pathogen is dependent on an arsenal of secreted virulence factors which target host cell organelles. In this report, we have characterized the effects of two proteins known to be secreted by Mtb on eukaryotic mitochondria: ESAT-6 and a member of the poorly-described PE/PPE protein family, PE17. Intracellular expression of ESAT-6 in A549 cells did not induce mitochondrial fragmentation. In contrast, expression of PE17 caused extensive mitochondrial fragmentation and an overall reduction in mass. Further characterization of the effects of PE17 within host cells revealed a dramatic decrease in the mass of the trans-Golgi network and the Golgi stack with lesser but significant decreases in late endosomes and lysosomes. The endoplasmic reticulum and organelles of the early endocytic pathway were not significantly affected. PE17 specifically colocalized with large, cytoplasmic lipid droplets via a C-terminal domain, suggesting a significant role for PE17 in the disruption of multiple host cell organelles and a novel interaction with host lipid droplets.

An angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma is a rare soft tissue neoplasm of intermediate biologic potential, is often misdiagnosed because of its clinical and radiological similarity to other conditions. Surgery is the mainstay of management and can effectively control local recurrence and metastasis if properly evaluated preoperatively.

This article describes the mental health outcomes of participants in the HudsonUP pilot, a five-year basic income initiative for low to mid-income residents of Hudson, NY. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, including both quantitative surveys and qualitative phenomenological interviews, to better understand participants’ experiences two years into the pilot. Through the lens of the psychological theory of scarcity, findings indicate that the HudsonUP program has improved the overall mental well-being of the participants by reducing the stress and anxiety associated with financial insecurity and helping them to meet their basic needs, pursue further education, and career opportunities. Despite the challenges of the ongoing pandemic and inflation, participants expressed gratitude for the “undercurrent of stability” provided by the program.

Upside-down stomach accounts for less than 5% of hiatal hernia. It is the rarest form of par oesophageal hernia and characterised by herniation of the most gastric parts or entire stomach into the posterior mediastinum [1]. It is classified as type 3.

Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis (SEP), also known as Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome, is a rare condition characterized by nonspecific episodes of bowel obstruction and intestinal dysfunction. This is a case of a 45-year-old male with multiple previous episodes of abdominal pain and obstruction.