Purpose This study aimed to explore the correlation between morphological parameters and dosimetric parameters of the heart and spinal cord in advanced-stage esophagus cancer (EPC) to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods A total of 105 patients with middle- and advanced-stage EPC, who received treatment in our hospital from 2019 to 2021, were included. The morphological parameters were calculated by imaging. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy plan was executed at Raystation4.7. The prescription dose of PTV-G and PTV-C was set as 60Gy/30F and 54Gy/30F, respectively. The linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation between morphologic parameters of EPC and dosimetric parameters of the heart and spinal cord. Results In 105 cases, the total lung length was correlated with the spinal cord D2. The heart Dmean and heart V40 was correlated with PTV-G volume, PTV-G length; In middle- and upper-segment EPC cases, only the total lung volume was correlated with the spinal cord Dmean, spinal cord D2, heart Dmean, and heart V40; In middle-stage EPC cases, the heart Dmean was correlated with the PTV-G volume, PTV-G length. the total lung length was correlated with the spinal cord D2; In middle- and lower-segment EPC, only the PTV-G volume and PTV-G length were correlated with the heart Dmean. All the aforementioned values were statistically significant. Conclusions Combined with the non-segmented tumor and different locations, the organ at risk dose was comprehensively considered.

Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is commonly observed in different mental disorders, especially when individuals engage in prolonged cognitive-emotional tasks that necessitate an adjustment of the ANS to workload. Although understanding of the temporal dynamics of sympathetic and parasympathetic tones in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is limited, analyzing the ANS reactions on cognitive-emotional workload could provide a valuable insight into the underlying causes of OCD. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of the heart rate (HR) and pupil area (PA) while participants with OCD and healthy volunteers solved antisaccade tasks where affective pictures served as central fixation stimuli. The data of 31 individuals with OCD and 30 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The experiment consisted of three separate blocks, each lasting approximately 8 minutes. The results showed the increase in sympathetic tone in the OCD group. The increase in sympathetic tone of the ANS in OCD at the middle part of the block was most noticeable during presentation of unpleasant stimuli. The healthy volunteers demonstrated adaptive temporal dynamics of the HR and PA from the first block to the last block of tasks, while HR and PA in the OCD group showed less changes in time implying the reduced adaptation of the ANS sympathetic tone to cognitive-emotional workload in OCD.

Adapting to the ever-changing demands of the environment requires a complex interplay between cognitive-affective, neuronal, and autonomic processes. Vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) is positively associated with both cognitive-affective functioning and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity. Accordingly, the Neurovisceral Integration Model has posited a shared role of the PFC in the regulation of cognitive-affective processes and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. While there are numerous correlational findings in this regard, no study so far has investigated whether the manipulation of PFC activity induces changes in vmHRV and cognitive-affective processing in an inter-dependent manner. In this study, we examined the effects of continuous (cTBS) and intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) over the left dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) on vmHRV and cognitive-affective processing within an emotional stop-signal task (ESST) in 66 participants. Our results revealed that both resting vmHRV and reactivity, at least partly, predicted cognitive-affective processing. Furthermore, we found a dampening effect of cTBS on resting vmHRV, as well as an enhancing effect of iTBS on ESST performance. Our results show no direct association between vmHRV changes and ESST performance alterations following stimulation. We interpret our results in the light of a hierarchical model of neurovisceral integration, suggesting a dynamical situation-dependent recruitment of higher-order cortical areas like the dlPFC in the regulation of the ANS. In conclusion, our results highlight the complex interplay between PFC activity, autonomic regulation, and cognitive-affective processing, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the causal dynamics of the underlying neural mechanisms.

A novel composite wound dressing hydrogel by incorporating single-walled carbon nanotubes and indocyanine green into a dual-crosslinked hydrogel through Schiff base reaction was developed. The objective was to prevent wound infection and enhance the thermal effect induced by laser energy. The hydrogel matrix was constructed using oxidized gelatin, pre-crosslinked with calcium ions, along with carboxymethyl chitosan, crosslinked via Schiff base reaction. Optimization of the blank hydrogel’s gelation time, swelling index, degradation rate, and mechanical properties was achieved by adding 0.1% SWCNT and 0.1% ICG. Among them, the SWCNT-loaded hydrogel BCG-SWCNT exhibited superior performance overall: a gelation time of 102 seconds; a swelling index above 30 after equilibrium swelling; a degradation rate of 100.5% on the seventh day; and a compressive modulus of 8.8 KPa. It displayed significant inhibition against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in wounds. When combined with laser energy usage, the composite hydrogel demonstrated excellent pro-healing activity in rats.

Neurodegenerative diseases have complex etiologies, however, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are important markers in this pathogenesis and, in this sense, cannabinoids, especially CBD, have been identified as potential therapeutics for playing a neuroprotective role. Studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of cannabinoids and derivatives of Cannabis sativa L in diseases of the central nervous system due to their interaction with the endocannabinoid system through receptors and other molecular targets. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the endocannabinoid system and a summary of the clinical and preclinical findings of the therapeutic use of cannabinoids in epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease, pointing out interactions with molecular targets and the potential for neuroprotection of CBD. Electronic searches were carried out in international databases, including studies that presented consistent data on this subject. Significant therapeutic effects of CBD were shown for epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease, while nabiximols contributed to the reduction of spasticity, being a frequent option for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Although much has been projected on the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for neurological disorders, there is a long way to go in the search for strong scientific evidence of their pharmacological effectiveness.

The potentially wide application of Phenolic acids (PAs) in industries was severely limited by their inadequate solubility and stability in polar/non-polar media. To overcome these limits, studies on the enzymatic esterification of PAs with glycerol were carried out to reach a yield of 95% of phenolic acid glycerols (PAGs) under the following reaction conditions: 1:150 molar ratio of caffeic acid (CA) to glycerol; 25% of Lipozyme 435 relative to the weight of total substrates; temperature 80 oC, 500 rpm; 86.7 kPa and reaction time 10 h. Three resulting PAGs including caffeoyl glycerol (CG), feruloyl glycerol (FG) and p-hydroxycinnamoyl glycerol ( p-HCG) were confirmed by MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Among them, CG showed a comparative free radical scavenging ability to CA, indicating its potential use as a water-soluble antioxidant alternative to CA for food and cosmetic applications. Moreover, the direct esterification of PAs with glycerol decrease the product cost and increase the feasibility of industrial production compared with the previous transesterification sythesis methods of PAGs.

Aprepitant for Severe Refractory Pruritus in a Patient with Relapsed Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Background: Food allergies, particularly their severe and persistent forms, have a significant impact on children’s quality of life (QoL). Understanding and enhancing QoL is a crucial component of food allergy management. This study aimed to evaluate the QoL of Turkish children aged 0-12 years with IgE-mediated tree nut allergies (TNA) and explore influential factors, including parental anxiety. Methods: Primary caregiver-parents of children diagnosed with TNA completed the valid and reliable Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Parent Form (FAQLQ-PF) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess QoL and parental anxiety, respectively. Results: The study included 88 parents, predominantly mothers (83%). The children had a median age of 12 months (IQR 7.25-19.5). The mean FAQLQ-PF score was 3.55±1.34 without a statistical significance between age groups (0-3 years 3.15±1.28; 4-6 years 3.76±1.42; 7-12 years 3.73±1.19). Parents reported significantly worse FAQLQ-PF scores for children with hazelnut allergy, with a history of anaphylaxis, and who had to use an adrenaline autoinjector. State and trait anxiety scores were strongly correlated (r=0.584, p<0.001). There was significant but weak correlations between FAQLQ-PF and STAI domains. The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that having a hazelnut allergy, a history of anaphylaxis, and higher parental state anxiety were all associated with poorer FAQLQ-PF scores, but, fathers tended to report better level of QoL. Conclusions: The QoL of Turkish children with TNA, as reported by parents, is influenced by various factors. Understanding and addressing these factors are crucial for a deeper understanding of how to enhance the accuracy of QoL assessment.

Introduction: Atrial tachycardia(AT) occurring from the right atrial appendage(RAA) is relatively uncommon, while the catheter ablation is complicated by the anatomic characteristics. Methods: We reported a case of 60-year-old male patient who was admitted with incessant AT. Results: The tachycardia activation mapping demonstrated that the AT originated from the tip of RAA. Pulsed field ablation(PFA) using the circular mapping&PFA catheter terminated AT without any complication. Conclusions: This case corroborates that PFA might be an alternative strategy for ablation of atrial arrhythmia originating from the atrial appendage.

Free Space Optical Communication has emerged as a promising technology for high-speed and secure data transmission between ground stations on Earth and orbiting satellites. However, this communication technology suffers from signal attenuation due to atmospheric turbulence and beam alignment precision. Low Earth Orbit satellites play a pivotal role in optical communication due to their low altitude over the Earth surface, which mitigates the atmospheric precipitation effects. This paper introduces a novel data path control law for satellite optical communication exploiting Artificial Intelligence-based predictive weather forecasting and a node selection mechanism based on Reinforcement Learning. Extensive simulations on three case studies demonstrate that the proposed control technique achieves remarkable gains in terms of link availability with respect to other state-of-the-art solutions.

Coexistence of scleroderma with multiple myeloma: a rare associationOmar Alsamarrai, M.D.1, Ghina Haidar, M.D.2, Sana Btrush, M.D.3, Ayham Alhusseini, M.D.4, Maysoun Kudsi, M.D, PhD51 Department of Neurology, Al Assad and Al Mouwasat University hospitals, Faculty of Medicine- Damascus University, Damascus, [email protected] Department of Rheumatology, Al Assad and Al Mouwasat University hospitals, Faculty of Medicine- Damascus University, Damascus, [email protected] Department of Rheumatology, Al Assad and Al Mouwasat University hospitals, Faculty of Medicine- Damascus University, Damascus, [email protected] Department of Neurology, Al Assad and Al Mouwasat University hospitals, Faculty of Medicine- Damascus University, Damascus, [email protected] Rheumatology professor , Faculty of Medicine- Damascus University, Damascus, [email protected] Author : Omar Alsamarrai , Department of Neurology, Al Assad and Al Mouwasat University hospitals, , Faculty of Medicine- Damascus University, Almazah, Damascus, Syria. E-mail : [email protected] .Tel: + 963 988212757Consent statement : Written informed consent was obtained from the patient to publish this report in accordance with the journal’s patient consent policy

Identifying hybridization between common pathogen vectors is essential due to the major public health implications through risks associated with hybrid’s enhanced pathogen transmission potential. These hard-ticks Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus are the two most common vectors of tick-borne pathogens that affect human and animal health in Europe. I. ricinus is a known native species in Finland with a well-known distribution. Over the past 60 years, I. persulcatus has expanded in range making the species appear in areas previously not found in Finland. Here we used double-digest restriction site-associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing on 92 ticks (morphologically identified as 46 I. ricinus, and 46 I. persulcatus) collected across Finland to investigate whether RAD generated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discriminate tick species and identify hybridization events. Two different clustering methods were used to infer the specific species based on how they clustered and identified hybrids among them. We were able to discriminate between the two tick species and identified five putative hybrids with admixed genomic proportions ranging from approximately 25 to 75 percent. Four of these hybrids were morphologically identified as I. ricinus and the other as I. persulcatus. Our results suggest that RAD SNPs are robust for identifying both species of the ticks as well as their hybrid individuals. These results suggest ongoing hybridization between I. ricinus and I. persulcatus in their natural populations in Finland. This study is a significant step in understanding the formation of hybridization zones due to range expansion potentially associated with climate change. Despite our findings, our data are insufficient for resolving the factors that affect population genetic structure within species.

USE OF INTRAOPERATIVE NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING(IONM) IN A NEONATE WITH LIMITED DORSAL MYELOSCHISISShyam Duvuru1, Nisha B2, Vivek Sanker3, Yusra Arafeh4, Rnad Alajarmeh5, Wireko Andrew Awuah61Department of Neurosurgery, Apollo Specialty Hospitals, Tamil Nadu, IndiaEmail: [email protected] & Critical Care, Apollo Specialty Hospitals, Tamil Nadu, IndiaEmail: [email protected] Fellow, Society of Brain Mapping and Therapeutics, CA, USAEmail: [email protected] of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JordanEmail: [email protected] of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Istiklal Hospital, Amman, JordanEmail: [email protected] of Medicine, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine, [email protected]

Metazoa-level Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (mzl-USCOs) are universally applicable markers for DNA taxonomy in animals which can replace or supplement single-gene barcodes. While previously mzl-USCOs from target enrichment data were shown to reliably distinguish species, here we tested whether USCOs are an evenly distributed, representative sample of a given metazoan genome and therefore able to cope with past hybridization events and incomplete lineage sorting. This is relevant for coalescent-based species delimitation approaches, which critically depend on the assumption that the investigated loci do not exhibit autocorrelation due to physical linkage. Based on 239 assessed chromosome-level assembled genomes, we confirmed that mzl-USCOs are genetically unlinked for practical purposes and a representative sample of a genome in terms of reciprocal distances between USCOs on a chromosome and of distribution across chromosomes. We tested the suitability of mzl-USCOs extracted from genomes for species delimitation and phylogeny in four case studies: Anopheles mosquitos, Drosophila fruit flies, Heliconius butterflies, and Darwin’s finches. In almost all instances, USCOs allowed delineating species and yielded phylogenies that correspond to those generated from whole genome data. Our phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that USCOs may complement single-gene DNA barcodes and provide more accurate taxonomic inferences. Combining USCOs from sources that used different versions of ortholog reference libraries to infer marker orthology may be challenging and at times impact taxonomic conclusions. However, we expect this problem to become less severe as the rapidly growing number of reference genomes provides a better representation of the number and diversity of organismic lineages.

Objectives: To define the pathogenic cause of pedigree and provide precise genetic counseling for the pregnant woman, we retrospectively reviewed a pedigree with developmental retardation due to paternal 8q/18q translocation at The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Materials and methods: Karyotype analysis and CMA detection were carried out

Title: Orphan peptide and G protein-coupled receptor signalling in alcohol use disorderRoberta Goncalves Anversa1,2*, Xavier J Maddern1,2*, Andrew J Lawrence1,2and Leigh C Walker1,2*Contributed equally1Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, VIC 3052 Australia2Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia

In 2019, the Louisiana Department of Health reported an early influenza B/Victoria (B/VIC) virus outbreak. As it was an atypically large outbreak, we deployed to Louisiana to investigate it using genomics and a triplex real-time RT-PCR assay to detect three antigenically distinct B/VIC lineage variant viruses. The investigation indicated that B/VIC V1A.3 subclade, containing a three amino acid deletion in the hemagglutinin and known to be antigenically distinct to the B/Colorado/06/2017 vaccine virus, was the most prevalent circulating virus within the specimens tested. This work underscores the value of portable diagnostics and sequencing platforms for rapid, onsite pathogen characterization.

A right-sided subdural frontoparietal hemorrhage in a patient after spinal anesthesia for cesarian section surgery. A Case reportSh Shoja MD1*, Sh Zandi MD2, N Soufizadeh MD3, Sh Shoja MD4For this manuscript,written informed consent was obtained from the patient to publish this report in accordance with the journal’s patient consent policy. Additionally, if the patient/participant is unable to give written consent or is deceased, the same can be obtained from the patient’s next of kin. If the patient is a child or under the age of 16, written consent should be obtained from a parent/guardian.Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, [email protected] ORCID: 0009-0005-2828-5591Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-2733-1961Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Besat Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-8284-8440Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-1982-9102*Corresponding Author:Mobile: +989183724633 E-Mail (1): [email protected] E-Mail (2): [email protected]:Background : Peridural and subdural hemorrhage are rare but important complications after regional anesthesia.Case presentation: A 29 year old female gravid 1, para 1, with a history of cesarian section, was admitted for headache exacerbation. The patient received spinal anesthesia. The patient didn’t have any specific disease or previous headache. The drug history was negative except for routine pregenetic drugs. Although, at the time of Spinal anesthesia, the patient was slightly nervous. All previous pre-operation tests and exams were normal. The patient experienced a mild headache a day after the surgery; adequate liquid intake was recommended. The patient was discharged 48 hours after the surgery. Furthermore, after about a week, the patient contacted her primary physician for exacerbated headache. The physician recommended her liquid intake, rest, and proper analgesia. Ten days after surgery, the patient visited a clinic for an excruciating headache with vomiting. Therefore, the patient was admitted emergently. The neurosurgery consult and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan was performed. A subdural frontoparietal hemorrhage on the right side was diagnosed. The patient’s hematoma was drained emergently afterward. The patient was discharged four days after the drainage surgery without neurological complications.Conclusion: Peridural and subdural hemorrhages are rare complications of spinal anesthesia that can be lethal. The chief complaint of this complication is headache. It is essential to keep this complication in mind for patients experiencing headaches after spinal anesthesia surgeries.Keywords: Spinal anesthesia, Subdural hematoma, Regional anesthesia, Post dural puncture headache, Cesarian sectionIntroduction: Peridural or subdural hematoma is one of the rare but essential complications of spinal anesthesia(1). The main complaint of this complication is headache. Additionally, the risk of Post Dural Puncture Headache in obstetric patients is higher than in the general population(2).Case: A 29 year old female gravid 1, para 1, with a history of the cesarian section, was admitted on 21 August 2022 at Kowsar Hospital (Sanandaj, Iran) for headache exacerbation. The patient received spinal anesthesia with a gauge 25 needle placed L3-L4. The patient didn’t have any specific disease or previous headache. The drug history was negative except for routine pregenetic drugs. Although, at the time of Spinal anesthesia, the patient was slightly nervous. All previous pre-operation tests and exams were normal. The patient experienced a mild headache a day after the cesarian section surgery; adequate liquid intake was recommended. The patient was discharged 48 hours after the surgery. Furthermore, after about a week, the patient contacted her primary physician for exacerbated headache. The physician recommended her liquid intake, rest, and proper analgesia. Ten days after surgery, the patient visited a clinic for an excruciating headache with vomiting. Therefore, the patient was admitted emergently. The neurosurgery consult and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan was performed. A subdural frontoparietal hemorrhage on the right side was diagnosed (Figure 1). The patient’s hematoma was drained emergently afterward. The patient was discharged four days after the drainage surgery without neurological complications. Furthermore, a follow-up CT was done after two months, and the result was normal (Figure 2). For reporting as a manuscript, written informed consent was obtained from the patient to publish this report in accordance with the journal’s patient consent policy