A document by Maciej Antkiewicz. Click on the document to view its contents.

Research in fluvial biogeomorphology largely aims to promote our understanding of the interactions between riparian vegetation and fluvial morphodynamics within riverine ecosystems. Starting at the end of last century, Angela M. Gurnell has made a major contribution to fluvial geomorphology by considering, in addition to water flow and sediment transport, explicitly riparian, and later also aquatic vegetation and thus significantly promoted the fluvial biogeomorphological approach from its beginnings until today. The objective of the present paper is to present a set of studies and results obtained over the last twenty years by the authors and many collaborators, including Angela M. Gurnell, on a panel of French rivers: Tech, Garonne, Isère and Allier Rivers. In particular, feedback mechanisms between fluvial morphodynamics and riparian vegetation dynamics were investigated directly in the field and also using high resolution remote sensing at the scale of individual plants, populations, communities and landscapes, as well as during semi-controlled ex situ experiments at the scale of individual plants. Collectively, the authors’ research conducted over the past 20 years contributed to elucidate some key aspects of the feedback dynamics between the lowest and highest levels of the riparian ecosystem organisation. This article presents and discusses those key aspects. The gradually obtained results contributed to better understand and quantify feedbacks between river morphodynamics and vegetation at nested spatiotemporal scales, from plant species traits to the riverine landscape. Furthermore, the biogeomorphological approach advocated for more than twenty years now, has clearly helped to contribute to the enlargement of the discipline of geomorphology to ecology as well as evolutionary ecology, and to the development of a more integrative vision to study earth surface processes.

RATIONALE: In stable isotope mass spectrometry, isotope values are normalized to internationally recognized reference scales using certified reference materials and working standards. Numerous techniques exist for performing this normalization, but these methodologies need to be experimentally assessed to compare their impact on reproducibility of isotope results. METHODS: We tested normalization methods by the number of standards used, their matrix, their isotope range, and whether normalization required extrapolating beyond the isotope range. Using 8 certified reference materials and 5 working standards on a ThermoFinnigan Delta-V IRMS and Elementar VisION IRMS for nitrogen and carbon isotope composition via solid combustion with an elemental analyzer, we computed every possible isotope normalization (n=6272). Additionally, we assessed how sample matrix impacted linearity effects on both instruments. RESULTS: Normalizations composed of three or four reference materials had better performance than one-point and two-point methods, especially when the normalization was matrix-mixed or extrapolated, and normalizations with an isotope range greater than 15‰ were more accurate under these conditions. Normalizations that were matrix-matched and were not extrapolated exhibited the highest accuracy. Linearity effects were found to exceed instrument precision by two orders of magnitude irrespective of sample matrix and were not predicted by reference gas diagnostics. CONCLUSIONS: To maximize interlaboratory comparability of isotope results, operators of EAIRMS systems should use at least 3 calibration standards to construct their normalizations, select standards with a large isotope range to avoid extrapolation, and match the matrix of their standards to their samples to the best extent possible.

A document by tianjie han. Click on the document to view its contents.

Title :Leiomyoma beyond the uterus

Title: Hemoptysis Secondary to Anomalous Origin of Right Pulmonary Artery from Ascending Aorta in a Young Male: A Case Report

Rationale: Diaryliodonium salts are useful electrophilic reagents in organic chemistry, finding extensive applications in arylations and photo-induced polymerizations. However, the comprehensive mechanistic investigations, particularly concerning the mass spectrometric behaviors of diaryliodonium salts, are relatively scarce in the literatures. Methods: Diaryliodonium salts could be readily ionized in ESI-MS to give [Ar 1-I +-Ar 2], and the high-resolution ESI-MS/MS experiments were conducted to investigate their gas-phase chemical reactions. Results: Investigations on ESI-MS/MS of [Ar 1-I +-Ar 2] revealed two major fragmentation patterns: 1) Reductive elimination resulting the diaryl coupling product ion [Ar 1-Ar 2] +• by the loss of I. 2) Generating aryl cations [Ar 1] + or [Ar 2] + through cleavage of the C–I bonds. We unrevealed that the introduction of NO 2 into Ar 2 of [Ar 1-I +-Ar 2] could lead to an unexpected fragmentation ion [Ar 1O] + in MS/MS, arising from an O-atom transfer process from NO 2 to Ar 1. Particularly, when NO 2 was ortho-positioned to the iodine in Ar 2, the [Ar 1O] + sometimes exhibited dominant behavior. Conclusions: Comprehensive ESI-MS/MS studies and theoretical calculations provided strong support for the O-atom transfer mechanistic pathway: [Ar 1-I +-( o-NO 2-Ar 2)] initially underwent a Smiles rearrangement to the intermediate [Ar 1-O-( o-NO-Ar 2I)] +, which subsequently dissociated to [Ar 1O] + or [ o-NO-Ar 2I] +•. Herein, we proposed an unexpected ” ortho-effect” in the gas-phase fragmentation reaction of [Ar 1-I +-( o-NO 2-Ar 2)], in which the crucial determinant factor for the aryl migration was identified as the Smiles rearrangement reaction.

Kawasaki Disease presentation by an uncommon presentation of torticollis: A case report Hassan Mottaghi Moghaddam Shahri1, Faeze Keihanian2*, Mohammad Hassan Nezafati3, Mohammad Saeid Sasan4

INTRODUCTION: Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a common condition with frequently not tolerated beta-blockers or ivabradine and a high rate of complication in ablation strategy; we describe an alternative anatomical approach of sinus node modulation. METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study describes a case series of 6 patients from two centers diagnosed with symptomatic IST undergoing sinus node ablation. RESULTS: The mean age was 40.6 ± 13.9 years; five of the six patients were female, 100% of patients reported heart palpitations, and 66% reported dizziness, the average HR on a 24-h Holter was 93.2 ±7.9 bpm. HR during the first stage of a stress test using a standard Bruce protocol was 150 ±70 bpm, The average HR on 24-hour Holter post-ablation was 75 ± 5.6 bpm, the sinus rate HR during stage 1 of a Bruce protocol exercise stress test was 120 ± 10 bpm. CONCLUSION: This is the first case series reporting the acute and long-term results of a novel anatomical approach for SNM to treat IST targeting the AR under ICE guidance, The novel anatomic ICE-guided catheter ablation approach aimed to identify the earliest activation at the AR with an extension of RF lesions towards its septal region seems effective and safe to modulate the SN in symptomatic patients with IST refractory to medical treatment.

Direct synthesis of layer-tunable and transfer-free graphene on technologically important substrates is highly valued for various electronics and device applications. Here, we report a novel synthesis approach combining ion implantation for a precise graphene layer control and dual-metal smart Janus substrate for a diffusion-limiting graphene formation, to directly synthesize layer-tunable graphene on arbitrary substrates without the post-synthesis layer transfer process. C ion implantation was performed on Cu-Ni film deposited on a variety of device-relevant substrates. Upon thermal annealing to promote Cu-Ni alloying, the pre-implanted C-atoms in the Ni layer are pushed towards the Ni/substrate interface by the top Cu layer due to the poor C-solubility in Cu. As a result, the expelled C-atoms precipitate into graphene structure at the interface facilitated by the Cu-like alloy catalysis. After removing the alloyed Cu-like surface layer, the layer-tunable graphene on the desired substrate is directly realized. ReaxFF was performed to elucidate the graphene formation mechanisms in this novel synthesis approach. Three ordinary devices using as-synthesized graphene were fabricated on Si, SiO2, and glass substrates to demonstrate the graphene quality of our layer-tunable and transfer-free synthesis approach and the excellent performance characteristics of these low-cost manufacturing devices: field-effect transistors, heating devices, and near-infrared photodetectors.

MultipleCutaneousMyxofibrosarcoma on the Right Arm：Clinicopathological Features andDifferential Diagnosis

Most scientist agree that subjective tinnitus is the pathological result of an interaction of damage to the peripheral auditory system and central neuroplastic adaptations. Here we investigate such tinnitus related adaptations in the primary auditory cortex (AC) 13 days after noise trauma induction of tinnitus by quantifying the density of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the AC of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The ECM density has been shown to be relevant for neuroplastic processes and synaptic stability within the cortex. We utilized a mild monaural acoustic noise trauma in 9 gerbils to induce tinnitus and a sham exposure in 3 control animals. Tinnitus was assessed by a behavioral response paradigm. Four of the trauma animals did show tinnitus 13 days after trauma (T), the remaining 5 trauma (NT) and the 3 control animals (C) did not show the percept. The ECM density 13 days after trauma was quantified using immunofluorescence luminance of Wisteria floribunda lectin-fluoresceine-5-isothiocyanate (WFA-FITC) on histological slices of the primary AC, relative to the non-auditory brainstem as a reference area. We found that the WFA-FITC luminance of the AC of NT animals was not significantly different from that of C animals. However, we found a significant increase of luminance in T animals’ ACs compared to NT or C animals’ cortices. This effect was found exclusively on the AC side contralateral to the trauma ear. These results point to a process of stabilization of synaptic connections in primary AC, which may be involved in the chronic manifestation of tinnitus.

Aiming at the problem of weak yawing controllability of solar-powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with low-speed and high aspect-ratio Blended Wing Body (BWB) configuration, based on the large-scale aerodynamic characteristics of the biomimetic swallow tail, the influence of different opening methods and angles of the swallow tail on the aerodynamic characteristics and stability and controllability of an UAV was derived. The mechanism of the higher yawing control efficiency of the differential throttle compared to the conventional rudder is analyzed in order to significantly decrease the control efficiency at small throttle. We innovatively propose a yawing control method combining the opening of the swallow tail to a moderately separation state of local airflow and we validate it for the case of the landing control of a solar-powered UAV. The flight dynamics mode characteristics show that this control method has little impact on the lateral-directional stability of the UAV and that the control efficiency can be reserved to the same level of cruise state. Therefore, the control law of cruise state can be applied to landing state with swallow tail open directly, which enhances the lateral-directional control ability of the UAVs in a simple but efficiently way. Flight simulation and flight test results show that the proposed bionic control method of the swallow tail combined with differential throttle can effectively enhance the landing control ability of the UAVs, improve the response speed, and reduce the trajectory error.

Scalable single use adherent cell-based biomanufacturing platforms are part of solutions to realize the full potential of cell and gene therapies. Here, we reported the development of an innovative fixed bed bioreactor platform for the scale-up of adherent cell culture. The bioreactor platform is centered on a packed bed of woven polyethylene terephthalate mesh discs that are vertically stacked and sandwiched between two fluid guide plates. Computational fluid dynamics modeling was used to direct the design and development of bioreactor series, targeting uniform flow with minimal shear stress. Residence time distribution measurements revealed that a pulse injected dye tracer solution passed through the bioreactors with great uniformity and narrow distribution of residence time, mimicking plug flow. Periodic media sampling with an offline analyzer showed that there was minimal gradient of four important metabolites (glucose, glutamine, lactate, and ammonia) across the bioreactor throughout cell growth. The bioreactor platform was further validated in automated cell harvesting with ~96% efficiency and ~98% viability, as well as linear scalability, in terms of both operational parameters and performance, for cell culture and adeno-associated virus vector production. Finally, mathematic models based on oxygen uptake rates were developed and proven effective to model cell growth curves and estimate biomass in real-time. This study shows that this innovative fixed bed bioreactor platform enables linearly scalable adherent cell-based biomanufacturing with high productivity.

As a well-conserved histone variant, H2A.Z epigenetically regulates plant growth and development as well as the interaction with environmental factors. However, the role of H2A.Z in response to salt stress remains unclear, and whether nucleosomal H2A.Z occupancy work on the gene responsiveness upon salinity is obscure. Here, we elucidate the involvement of H2A.Z in salt response by analyzing H2A.Z disorder plants with impaired or overloaded H2A.Z deposition. The salt tolerance is dramatically accompanied by H2A.Z deficiency and reacquired in H2A.Z OE lines. H2A.Z disorder changes the expression profiles of large-scale of salt responsive genes, announcing that H2A.Z is required for plant salt response. Genome-wide H2A.Z mapping shows that H2A.Z level is induced by salt condition across promoter, TSS and TES (-1 kb to +1kb), the peaks preferentially enrich at promoter regions near TSS. We further show that H2A.Z deposition within TSS provides a direct role on transcriptional control, which has both repressive and activating effects, while it is found generally H2A.Z enrichment negatively correlate with gene expression level response to salt stress. This study shed light on the H2A.Z function in salt tolerance, highlighting the complex regulatory mechanisms of H2A.Z on transcriptional activity for yielding appropriate responses to particularly environmental stress.

Ectopic duodenal mucosa with adenomatous hyperplasia in the stomach: a case reportXiaowei Cai1, Lin Li1, Yanxia Yang2, Kang Lu1, Peng Wang1*1The 985th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force;2The 986th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force;*Corresponding Author: Peng Wang, Master Degree of Pathology, Department of Pathology, the 985th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Qiaodong Road No.30, Taiyuan 030001, China. Email:[email protected].[Abstract]  Introduction: Space-occupying lesions in the stomach are common diseases in gastroenterology. The diagnosis often needs the support of pathological results, and the prognosis of different masses is very different. Patient concerns: A 49-year-old man presented with abdominal distension and loss of appetite for one month as the main symptoms. Gastroscopy revealed a space occupying lesion in the pylorus of the antrum. Interventions:The mass was removed by gastroscopy resection with high-frequency electrocautery. Diagnosis: After electroresection, pathological and immunohistochemical examination showed that it was “ectopic duodenal mucosa with adenomatous hyperplasia in the stomach”. This disease has not been reported. Outcomes: After short-term follow-up and endoscopic review of this patient, we concluded that this disease is an extremely rare gastric tumor with benign growth and good prognosis. Conclusion: This case helps us to recognize the pathology and treatment of this disease, which is helpful for the differential diagnosis of other gastric space-occupying diseases.Keywords: ectopic duodenal mucosa, adenomatous hyperplasia,stomach,tumor

Background and Purpose Quetiapine is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic drug that has been commonly prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (depression), and other psychological disorders. Targeted inhibition of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide gated (HCN) channels, which generate Ih, may provide effective resistance against schizophrenia and depression. We investigated if HCN channels could contribute to the therapeutic effect of quetiapine, and its major active metabolite norquetiapine. Experimental Approach Two-electrode voltage clamp recordings were used to assess the effects of quetiapine and norquetiapine on currents from wild-type and mutant HCN1 and HCN2 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Key Results Norquetiapine, but not quetiapine nor 7-hydroxy quetiapine, has an inhibitory effect on HCN1 channels. Norquetiapine selectively inhibited HCN1 currents by shifting the voltage-dependence of activation to more hyperpolarized potentials in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 13.9 ± 0.8 μM for HCN1 and slowing channel opening, without changing the kinetics of closing. Inhibition by norquetiapine primarily occurs from in the closed state. Norquetiapine inhibition is not sensitive to the external potassium concentration, and therefore, likely does not block the pore. Norquetiapine inhibition also does not dependent on the cyclic-nucleotide binding domain. Norquetiapine had no effect on HCN2 channels. Conclusions and Implications HCN channels are key targets of norquetiapine, the primary active metabolite of quetiapine. These data help to explain the therapeutic mechanisms by which quetiapine aids in the treatment of anxiety, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, and may represent a novel structure for future drug design of HCN inhibitors.

Background and purpose: The impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on drug disposition is a critical concern, yet whether this impact is circadian time-dependent remains unexplored. We aim to discern the temporal effects of colitis on drug disposition and toxicity. Experimental Approach: The RNA-sequencing was used to screen colitis-affecting genes. The liver microsomal incubation and the pharmacokinetic study were used to analyze the enzymatic activity of key enzymes. Dual luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were employed to elucidate regulatory relationships among molecules. Key Results: CYP1A2 and CYP2E1, pivotal in theophylline metabolism, exhibit reduced hepatic expression at Zeitgeber time (ZT)8 in colitis mice, a difference diminishing by ZT20. Moreover, theophylline metabolism is suppressed, and hepato-cardiac toxicities are markedly elevated in colitis mice at ZT8, while remaining unchanged at ZT20. The circadian clock component BMAL1 positively regulates CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 in the liver of colitis mice. A combination of assays, integrating liver-specific Bmal1 knockout mice and targeted activation of BMAL1 have unveiled that the dysregulation observed in Cyp1a2 and Cyp2e1 during colitis can be attributed to the perturbation in BMAL1 functionality in the liver. Luciferase reporter and ChIP assays collectively substantiate the role of BMAL1 in the modulation of Cyp1a2 and Cyp2e1 transcription through its binding affinity to E-box-like sites. Conclusion and implication: Our findings establish a strong link between IBD and chronopharmacology, shedding light on how IBD affects drug disposition and toxicity over time. Our research establishes a theoretical foundation for chronopharmacological approaches In the treatment of IBD.