INTRODUCTIONThis case reports a rare case of adult ileocolic intussusception secondary to an inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP). Intussusception is an uncommon adult surgical condition, representing 5-16% of all cases of intussusception, and only 1-5% of all causes of adult intestinal obstruction (1). Up to 90% of cases are secondary to an underlying pathology, with approximately 65% being secondary to benign or malignant neoplasms (2). The diagnostic uncertainty of the underlying lead point highlights the need to surgically intervene on these lesions promptly.The inflammatory fibroid polyp, which is also known as the Vanek tumour, was first described by Vanek in 1949 and then proposed by Helwig and Ranier in 1953 (2). It is now defined as a benign tumour arising from the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. The most common site from which IFPs arise is the gastric antrum in 66-75% of cases, followed by the small bowel in 18-20% of cases (2). The ileal segment, however, is the most common site where they occur. Historically, aetiology was thought to be an inflammatory response to a submucosal granuloma usually associated with an irritating stimulus such as Helicobacter pylori , trauma, tuberculosis, etc. However, activating mutations of the proto-oncogene platelet derived growth factor alpha (PDGFRA) gene have been recently reported as a potential underlying true neoplastic origin (3).The appropriate surgical management of adult intussusception remains debatable when deciding on a primary en bloc resection versus an initial reduction followed by a limited resection. Here, we report a case of a laparoscopic ileocolic resection.

We have explored the result of the activation energy, thermal conductivity, and variable viscosity, A vertical wavy surface is passed by heat sources during convective heat transfer. Coupled equations controlling the flow, the nonlinear, mass, and heat transferring an electrically conducting viscous fluid via a vertically wavy surface have been solved with the Runge-Kutta-Shooting approach. ( f′, f ) the velocities, (φ)concentration and (θ)temperature, Sherwood and Nusselt number were discussed for several variations of Ds, Dc, E1, δ, Rd, β, θr, A1, B1, a, ξ. It has been seen that axial velocity increases with rising values of Ds, Dc, E1, Nr and reduces with thermal radiation (Rd), and thermal conductivity (β). Nusselt number (Nu) reduces with temperature dispersion (Ds), variable viscosity(θr), thermal conductivity (β) and enhances with solutal dispersion (Dc), radiation (Rd). Space/temperature dependent heat sources (A1, B1).

This paper presents the dynamic response of cantilever beam on fractional-order nonlinear viscoelastic foundation subjected to Gaussian white noise. The control equations of the cantilever beam on viscoelastic foundation are established using Hamilton's principle. The problem is solved using the shifted Chebyshev polynomial algorithm, and the control equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. Numerical examples analyse the correction error and the second norm error, confirming the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm in solving such problems. Furthermore, the algorithm's robustness was verified by comparing the responses of Gaussian white noise and non-Gaussian white noise cantilever beam on the viscoelastic foundation. The study examined the impact of various loads and parameters on the cantilever beam, as well as the effect of different harmonic loads on its stress. The research results are in line with the existing literature. These studies offer valuable guidance for practical engineering and enhance comprehension of the dynamic response of cantilevers on foundation in complex environments.

In this paper, we consider a predator-prey model with Cosner type functional response and combined harvesting. First, we explore the existence and stability of the equilibria. Then using the center manifold theorem and normal form theory, we investigate codimension one and codimension two bifurcations of the model. The analysis shows that the system has a variety of bifurcation phenomena including transcritical bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation and homoclinic bifurcation. Our findings indicate that the dynamics with harvesting are significantly richer than the system without harvesting. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to support the analytical results.

Drug resistance, a major challenge in cancer therapy, is typically attributed to mutations and genetic heterogeneity. On the other hand, emerging evidence suggests that dynamic cellular interactions and group behavior also contribute to drug resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we present a new mathematical approach with game theoretical underpinnings that we developed to model real-time growth data of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and discern patterns in response to treatment 68 with cisplatin. We show that the cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-tolerant NSCLC cells when co69 cultured in the absence or presence of the drug, display dynamic group behavior strategies. Tolerant cells exhibit a ‘persister-like’ behavior and are attenuated by sensitive cells; they also appear to ‘educate’ sensitive cells to evade chemotherapy. Further, tolerant cells can switch phenotypes to become sensitive, especially at low cisplatin concentrations. Finally, switching treatment from continuous to an intermittent regimen can attenuate the emergence of tolerant cells, suggesting that intermittent chemotherapy may improve outcomes in lung cancer.

3-Idolenone is a key intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs and plays an important role in synthetic chemistry and biochemi-stry. A new method for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated 3-indolenones by carbonylation reaction catalyzed by Pd (0) is de-scribed. In the absence of an additive, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-propylene (a cheap ozone-friendly CF3 structural unit) reacts with indole and carbon monoxide to synthesize trifluoromethylatedindolenone, good yield, Regioselectivity and Chemoselectivity, and strong resistance to basal functional groups such as alkynes, aldehydes and esters. It is worth mentioning that not only indole compounds can be well transformed into the corresponding products, pyrrole, hetero-indole also can be well completed the cor-responding chemical transformation. This late construction of trifluoromethylated indole/pyrrole 3-ketene provides a scientific method.

The development of efficient and sustainable methods to obtain spirocyclic compounds is of significance as these structures are widely found in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Herein, we disclose an electrochemical dearomative spirocyclization of N-acyl sulfonamides in a continuous-flow cell. The reaction is simple and efficient without external catalysts or supporting electrolytes, in-cluding a decagram-scale synthesis.

A new species of Ixora (Rubiaceae), Ixora fernandoi C.B. Moran, from Dinagat Island, Philippines is formally described and illustrated. This species is easily recognized from other known Ixora species by its infloresceence that are erect to drooping, articulate throughout, flower bud with rounded apex, calyx tube not more than 2 mm long; corolla tube 6–8 mm long; corolla lobes elliptic oblong.

Sea-level fluctuations in the marginal seas of the northwestern Pacific Ocean during the Pleistonene have profoundly influenced the genetic structure of marine organisms. Previous phylogeographic studies have mainly focused on fish and molluscs; other taxonomic groups have been poorly studied, which restricts a comprehensive understanding of the geogenetic patterns of marine species in this area. To precisely understand how environmental factors and historical events shape the population structure of the sea pen Cavernularia obesa in the East China Sea, we determined partial nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in 71 individuals from five sites. Results of population Genetic and demographic analyses revealed a low genetic diversity within each population. Moreover, the historical population size change showed that the populations experienced bottlenecks during the Pleistonene. The sea level of the East China Sea decreased by >100 m when the glacial advanced during the Pleistonene, which caused the shrinking of habitats for marine species and eventually resulted in low genetic diversity within the populations in this area.

Polymer mechanochemistry on reactive species has attracted more and more attentions over the past 20 years, as the mechanochemical generation of reactive species has a great potential in developing different polymeric materials for various proposes, such as stress detection, self-healing, self-strengthening, controllable degradation and release of small molecules. In this review, we first discuss the recent progress on polymer mechanochemistry of the reactive species that are generated from the mechanochemical reactions of mechanophores. Five types of reactive species, including radical, zwitterion, ionic, carbene and neutral intermediates, and their applications were reviewed in detail. Since mechanochemical reactions are sensitive to the mechanophore structure and polymer framework, we then discuss how mechanophore isomerism, polymer structure, polymer attachment point, and polymer architecture influence the mechanophore activation. At last, we provide our perspectives on the polymer mechanochemistry of reactive species.

There are few accurate prognostic indications of the illness’s development and severity for COVID-19, despite certain biomarkers having been investigated. The unexpected nature of COVID-19’s course, which can quickly progress from asymptomatic to severe disease, lies at the heart of the disease’s intricacy. Predicting SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity through laboratory biomarkers and as such, identifying the patients’ illness severity at the time of initial admission would be crucial in aiding patient care. In this study, we sought to evaluate hematological, biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 patients. This was a cross-sectional research with 48 COVID-19 patients (16 asymptomatic/mild, 16 moderate, and 16 severe) and 48 age-sex matched COVID-19-negative clients from Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya. On admission, demographic information, symptoms, and laboratory test results were collected. Significantly, COVID-19 severity was associated with hemoglobin (p<0.0001), white blood cells (p=0.0022), hematocrit (p<0.0001), blood urea nitrogen (p=0.01), blood sodium (p=0.0002), potassium (p=0.0483), C-reactive protein (p=0.0002), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (p<0.0001). CRP showed a high positive connection (0.5433; p=0.0006) with COVID-19 severity, but LDH showed a mild positive correlation (0.2484; p<0.0001). When comparing asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 to severe COVID-19, discriminative accuracy for CRP and LDH was greatest (AUC:0.8867, 95% CI:0.7532-1.000) and (AUC:1.000, 95% CI:1.000-1.000), respectively. Inflammatory biomarkers, hematological and biochemical indices have the potential to complement SARS-CoV-2 testing and predict the course of COVID-19. This will be useful in designing appropriate care for COVID-19 patients through targeted therapy.

A disposable monolithic column mass spectrometry kit was developed based on monolithic column for microsampling, purification, storage, transportation and direct MS analysis of whole blood. The kit mainly consists of a capillary for quantitative microsampling of very small amount of blood (2 μL), a cation exchange monolithic column for purification and storage, and a syringe for loading sample. The cost of the kit is estimated to only one dollar. This MS kit is very friendly to various users that one can easily siphon small amount blood in the kit followed by rapid sample clean-up in 30s. We established a rapid quantitative method using the kit with a limit detection as low as 0.33 nM, achieved more than five orders of magnitude enhancement in MS analysis sensitivity compared to nanoelectrospray ionization MS analysis. The kit can avoid analyte exposure to oxygen, moisture and sunlight, which helps the storage of the sample. The relative standard deviation within 10 days were less than 10%. This method has been successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of procainamide hydrochloride in 2 μL rat blood. These results indicate that this kit does have the potential to achieve low-cost, highly sensitive quantitative MS analysis of biological sample.

Low level jets (LLJs) describe conditions in which the wind speed reaches a local maximum with respect to altitude near the surface, and have been observed intermittently in the US Mid-Atlantic offshore environment. LLJs pose unique operating conditions for future wind turbines operating in the region, presenting negative shear and locally strong veer, but they are not typically considered in existing turbine standards. This work builds upon recent research that explains the formation and evolution of U.S. Mid-Atlantic LLJs through a simple analytical governing equation. We generate several LLJ inflow conditions with varying jet characteristics based on this analytical model and create monotonically-sheared (MS) analogues with constant veer in order to assess the impacts of the LLJ on turbine performance and loading. Using aeroelastic simulations with these inflow conditions on the IEA 15MW reference turbine, we find that the LLJ leads to a greater range of tower top pitching and yawing moments, which could contribute to larger accumulated structural fatigue in components compared to monotonically-sheared inflow. These preliminary results demonstrate a path toward a unified set of test cases for low-level wind maxima that can inform International Electrotechnical Commission standards related to offshore wind turbine design.

Stability against oxygen is an important factor affecting the performance of organic semiconductor devices. Improving photooxidation stability can prolong the service life of the device and maintain the mechanical and photoelectric properties of the device. Generally, various encapsulation methods from molecular structure to macroscopic device level are used to improve photooxidation stability. Here, we adopted a crystallization strategy to allow 14H-spiro[dibenzo[c,h]a-cridine-7,9′-uorene] (SFDBA) to pack tightly to resist fluo-rescence decay caused by oxidation. In this case, the inert group of SFDBA acts as a “steric armor”, protecting the photosensitive group from being attacked by oxygen. Therefore, compared with the fluorescence quenching of SFDBA powder under two hours of sunlight, SFDBA crystal can maintain its fluorescence emission for more than eight hours under the same conditions. Furthermore, the photolu-minescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the crystalline film is 327.37 % higher than that of the amorphous film. It shows that the crystal-lization strategy is an effective method to resist oxidation.

The SARS-CoV-2 immune response is crucial for disease management, although diminishing immunity raises the possibility of reinfection. In matched samples collected at one month and six to eight months after infection, we examined the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 in a group of convalescent critically ill COVID-19 patients. The PBMCs were isolated from enrolled study participants and flow cytometry analysis was done to assess the lymphocyte subsets of naive, effector, central memory, and effector memory CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in COVID-19 patients at one month and six to eight months after infection. Immunophenotypic characterization of immune cell subsets was performed on individuals who were followed longitudinally for one month (n=44) and up to 6-8 months (n=25) after recovery from COVID infection. We observed that CD4+ T cells in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients tended to decrease, whereas CD8+ T cells steadily recovered after one month, while there was a sustained increase in the population of effector T cells and effector memory T cells. Furthermore, COVID-19 patients showed persistently low B cells and a small increase in the NK cell population. In conclusion, our findings show that T cell responses were maintained at 6-8 months after infection. This opens new pathways for further research into the long-term effects in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.

The immunological pathways that cause Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children (MIS-C) remain under investigation. The aim of this study was to prospectively compare the T-cell cytokine expression profile between children with convalescent COVID-19 or MIS-C. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from unvaccinated children with acute MIS-C (MIS-C_A) before immunosuppression, convalescent MIS-C (one month after syndrome onset, MIS-C_C), convalescent COVID-19 (one month after hospitalization) and healthy, unvaccinated controls. Intracellular expression of IL-4, IL-2, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α and Granzyme B, post SARS-CoV-2-Spike antigenic mix stimulation of T cell subsets was analyzed by 13-colour Flow Cytometry. Twenty children (4 MIS-C_A, 4 MIS-C_C, 8 post-COVID-19, and 4 controls) with median age (IQR): 11.5(7.25-14) years were included in the study. From the comparison of the flow cytometry analysis of the 14 markers of MIS-C_A with the other 3 groups (MIS-C_C, post-COVID-19 and controls), statistically significant differences were identified for: 1. CD4 +IL-17 +/million CD3 +: 293.0 (256.4-870.9) vs 50.7 (8.4-140.5); P-value:0.03, vs 96.7 (89.2-135.4); P-value:0.03 and vs 8.7 (0.0-82.4); P-value:0.03, respectively, 2. CD8 +IL-17 +/million CD3 +: 335.2 (225.8-429.9) vs 78.0 (31.9-128.9) vs 84.1(0.0-204.6) vs 33.2 (0.0-114.6); P-value:0.05, respectively 3. CD8 +IFN-γ +/million CD3 +: 162.2 (91.6-273.4) vs 41.5 (0.0-77.4); P-value:0.03 vs 30.3(0.0-92.8); P-value:0.08, respectively. In children presenting with MIS-C one month after COVID-19 infection, T cells were found to be polarized towards IL-17 and IFN-γ production compared to those with uncomplicated convalescent COVID-19, a finding that could provide possible immunological biomarkers for MIS-C detection.

Viola ministipulata, a newly discovered species of Violaceae from the Sanqingshan mountain in Jiangxi Province, China, is described and illustrated here. The identification is based on comprehensive morphological and molecular evidences. While the new species shares similarities with V. fukienensis W. Becker in terms of leaf color and stoloniferous habit, it can be differentiated by its smaller leaves and flowers, distinct petal coloration, stamens and lanceolate appendages of equal length, and comparatively smaller and prematurely withered stipules. Additionally, the sepals of V. ministipulata feature a distinctive basal appendage.

A document by K. Ramesh. Click on the document to view its contents.