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Near-Automated Estimate of City Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Applied to South and Southeast Asia
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  • Gongda Lu,
  • Eloise Ann Marais,
  • Karn Vohra,
  • Rebekah P Horner,
  • Dandan Zhang,
  • Randall V Martin,
  • Sarath K Guttikunda
Gongda Lu
University College London
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Eloise Ann Marais
University College London

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Karn Vohra
University College London
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Rebekah P Horner
University College London
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Dandan Zhang
Washington University in St Louis
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Randall V Martin
Washington University in St. Louis
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Sarath K Guttikunda
Urban Emissions
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Abstract

Cities in South and Southeast Asia are developing rapidly without routine, up-to-date knowledge of air pollutant precursor emissions. This data deficit can potentially be addressed for nitrogen oxides (NOx) by deriving city NOx emissions from satellite observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sampled under windy conditions. NO2 plumes of isolated cities are aligned along a consistent wind-rotated direction and a best-fit Gaussian is applied to estimate emissions. This approach currently relies on non-standardized selection of the area to sample around the city centre and Gaussian fits often fail or yield non-physical parameters. Here, we automate this approach by defining many (54) sampling areas that we test with TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) NO2 observations for 2019 over 19 cities in South and Southeast Asia. Our approach is efficient, adaptable to many cities, standardizes and eliminates sensitivity of the Gaussian fit to sampling area choice, and increases success of deriving annual emissions from 40-60% with one sampling area to 100% (all 19 cities) with 54. The annual emissions we estimate range from 16±5 mol s-1 for Yangon (Myanmar) and Bangalore (India) to 125±41 mol s-1 for Dhaka (Bangladesh). With the enhanced success of our approach, we find evidence from comparison of our top-down emissions to past studies and to inventory estimates that the wind rotation and EMG fit approach may be biased, as it does not adequately account for spatial and seasonal variability in NOx photochemistry. Further methodological development is needed to enhance its accuracy and to exploit it to derive sub-annual emissions.
01 Mar 2024Submitted to ESS Open Archive
13 Mar 2024Published in ESS Open Archive