Assessment of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in CMIP6 Models based on
Moisture Mode Theory
Abstract
The moist processes of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models are assessed using
moisture mode theory-based diagnostics over the Indian Ocean (10°S-10°N,
75°E-100°E). Results show that no model can capture all the moisture
mode properties relative to the reanalysis. Most models satisfy weak
temperature gradient balance but have unrealistically fast MJO
propagation and a lower moisture-precipitation correlation. Models that
satisfy the most moisture mode criteria reliably simulate the background
moist static energy (MSE) and low-level zonal winds compared to models
that satisfy the least amount of criteria. The MSE budget associated
with the MJO is also well-represented in the good models rather than in
the poor models. Our results show that capturing the MJO's
moisture mode properties over the Indian Ocean is associated with a more
realistic representation of the MJO simulation and thus can be employed
to diagnose MJO performance.