Dissolved organic matter and nutrients released from forest leaf litter are important cross-ecosystem resources that support freshwater ecosystems. Dissolved organic matter released from leaf litter is one of the allochthonous sources for heterotrophic organisms in freshwater communities. However, the role of macro- and micronutrients released from leaf litter in producing autochthonous organic matter in aquatic ecosystems is not necessarily well understood. In this study, therefore, we investigated how dissolved nutrients released from leaf litter affect the algal growth, biomass production, and cell elemental quotas. Specifically, we focused on the responses of the green algae to TDN, TDP, and micronutrients released from the leaf litter of 11 temperate tree species. We found that the algal growth rate increased with TDP when micronutrients were amended. In contrast, the algal biomass production increased with TDN, regardless of micronutrient amendment. Micronutrient limitation of algal growth rate was found in the leaf litter leachates from oak, Japanese elm, and Japanese hemlock. However, algal biomass production was limited by micronutrients only in the leaf litter leachate from Japanese hemlock. More importantly, leaf litter leachates from different tree species altered algal cell quotas and C:N:P ratios, which would affect secondary production. These results suggest that forest vegetation change or succession affect the quantity and quality of autochthonous organic matter and thus the mass transfer efficiency in the aquatic community by changing the stoichiometry of nutrient input from the leaf litter.