Abstract
Existing tidal input reduction approaches applied in accelerated
morphodynamic simulations aim to capture the dominant tidal forces in a
single or double representative tidal cycle, often referred to as a
“morphological tide”. These heavily simplified tidal signals fail to
represent the tidal extremes, and hence poorly allow to represent
hydrodynamics above the intertidal areas. Here, a generic method is
developed to construct a synthetic spring-neap tidal cycle that (1)
represents the original signal; (2) is exactly periodic; and (3) is
constructed directly from full-complexity boundary information. The
starting point is a fortnightly modulation of the semi-diurnal tide to
represent spring-neap variation, while conserving periodicity. Diurnal
tides and higher harmonics of the semi-diurnal tide are included to
represent the asymmetry of the tide. The amplitudes and phases are then
adjusted to give a best fit to histograms of water levels and water
level gradients. A depth-averaged model of the Ems estuary (The
Netherlands) demonstrates the effects of alternative tidal input
reduction techniques. Adopting the new approach, the shape of the tidal
wave is well-represented over the entire length of the estuary, leading
to an improved representation of extreme tidal conditions. In
particular, representing intertidal dynamics benefits from the new
approach, which is reflected by hydrodynamics and residual sand
transport patterns that approach non-schematized tidal dynamics. Future
morphodynamic simulations forced with the synthetic signal are expected
to show a more realistic exchange of sediment between the channels and
tidal flats, likely improving their overall predictive capacity.