Abstract
The atmospheric Green’s function method is a technique for modeling the
response of the atmosphere to changes in the spatial field of surface
temperature. While early studies applied this method to changes in
atmospheric circulation, it has also become an important tool to
understand changes in radiative feedbacks due to evolving patterns of
warming, a phenomenon called the "pattern effect." To better study this
method, this paper presents a protocol for creating atmospheric Green’s
functions to serve as the basis for a model intercomparison project,
GFMIP. The protocol has been developed using a series of sensitivity
tests performed with the HadAM3 atmosphere-only general circulation
model, along with existing and new simulations from other models. Our
preliminary results have uncovered nonlinearities in the response of the
atmosphere to surface temperature changes, including an asymmetrical
response to warming vs. cooling patch perturbations, and a change in the
dependence of the response on the magnitude and size of the patches.
These nonlinearities suggest that the pattern effect may depend on the
heterogeneity of warming as well as its location. These experiments have
also revealed tradeoffs in experimental design between patch size,
perturbation strength, and the length of control and patch simulations.
The protocol chosen on the basis of these experiments balances
scientific utility with the simulation time and setup required by the
Green’s function approach. Running these simulations will further our
understanding of many aspects of atmospheric response, from the pattern
effect and radiative feedbacks to changes in circulation, cloudiness,
and precipitation.