Generating Proxy SWOT Water Surface Elevations Using WRF-Hydro and the
CNES SWOT Hydrology Simulator
Abstract
The Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will launch in 2021 to
provide the first global inventory of terrestrial surface water.
Although SWOT is primarily a research mission with key science
objectives in both the oceanography and hydrology domains, SWOT data is
expected to have application potential to address many societal needs.
To identify SWOT applications, prepare for the use of SWOT data, and
quantify SWOT impacts prior to launch, realistic proxy SWOT observations
with representative measurement errors are required. This paper provides
a step-by-step description of two methods for deriving proxy SWOT water
surface elevations (WSE) from an Observing System Simulation Experiment
(OSSE) using the Weather Research and Forecasting hydrological extension
package (WRF-Hydro). The first, a basic method, provides a simple and
efficient way to sample WRF-Hydro output according to the SWOT orbit and
add random white noise to simulate measurement error, similar to many
previous approaches. An alternate method using the Centre National
d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) Large-scale SWOT Hydrology Simulator accounts
for additional sources of measurement error and produces output in
formats comparable to that expected from official SWOT products. The
basic method is ideal for river hydrology applications in which a full
representation of SWOT measurement errors and spatial resolution are
unnecessary, whereas the CNES simulator approach is better-suited for
more rigorous scientific studies that require a comprehensive error
budget.