Role of the Tropics and its Extratropical Teleconnections in
State-Dependent Improvements of U.S. West Coast UFS Precipitation
Forecasts
Abstract
Boreal-wintertime hindcasts in the Unified Forecast System with the
tropics nudged toward reanalysis improve United States (U.S.) West Coast
precipitation forecasts at Weeks 3-4 lead times when compared to those
without nudging. To diagnose the origin of these improvements, a
multivariate k-means clustering method is used to group hindcasts into
subsets by their initial conditions. One cluster characterized by an
initially strong Aleutian Low demonstrates larger improvements at Weeks
3-4 with nudging compared to others. The greater improvements with
nudging for this cluster are related to the model error in simulating
the interaction between the Aleutian Low and the teleconnection patterns
associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) and El Niño-Southern
Oscillation (ENSO). Improving forecasts of tropical intraseasonal
precipitation, especially during early MJO phases under non-cold ENSO,
may be important for producing better Weeks 3-4 precipitation forecasts
for the U.S. West Coast.