How clay mineral assemblages affect instability on the upper slope of
the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand
Abstract
The International Ocean Discovery Program cored Sites U1517 (Tuaheni
landslide complex) and U1519 (upper Tuaheni Basin) on the Hikurangi
margin, North Island, New Zealand. Strong ocean currents result in
unusual amounts of compositional homogeny in the muds. Detrital smectite
dominates among clay minerals, with average proportions of 52 wt% at
Site U1517 and 53 wt% at Site U1519. Bulk sediment from Site U1517
contains up to ~29 wt% smectite (average = 21 wt%),
high enough to reduce the angle of internal friction (on average) to
~6°. There are no compositional excursions along
inferred slip surfaces or weak layers. Smectite decreases toward the SW
in the “downstream” direction of the East Cape Current, and that
spatial trend correlates with lower densities of slide scars.