Regional water storage monitoring is very essential and critical for regional water resource management, hydro-ecological sustainable development and studying interaction between hydrology and climate. We used multi-mission satellite dataset, a global hydrological model, and ground meteorological data to investigate the terrestrial water storage changes (TWSc) in the Qaidam basin (QB). Terrestrial water storage (TWS) exhibited an increasing trend for the past 17 years, and TWSc obtained from different methods or dataset were consistent with precipitation. Through the singular spectrum analysis, we obtained the interannual and seasonal components of TWSc, and significant shifts in the interannual TWSc were observed in the QB. TWS exhibited an increase from 2002 to 2013, a decrease from 2013 to 2016, and an accelerated increase after 2016. Additionally, the study reported that the interannual change in TWS was strongly correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), compared to Arctic Oscillation and El Nino-Southern Oscillation.

In December 2020, Chang’e-5 returned samples from mare basalt unit Em4/P58 in northern Oceanus Procellarum. With an absolute model age of 1.21-1.53 Ga (Hiesinger et al. 2003; Qian et al., 2018, 2021a). Elevation analysis of the interior of Rima Sharp and Mairan, plus geomorphological observations suggest lava backfilling of Rima Sharp with younger lava from Rima Mairan. Analysis of the magnetic field at the surface also shows that the younger lava from the southern Mairan vents, which covered the southeastern part of Em4/P58 is unmagnetized. Our new magnetic anomaly analysis shows that Em4/P58 unit can be divided into magnetized (northwest) and unmagnetized (southeast) parts. The comprehensive analysis of magnetic anomaly and topography shows that lava from southern rille is likely to have reached the Chang’e-5 landing site. Samples returned by Chang’e-5 will help constrain the source of lava flow and the evolution of the lunar magnetic field over time.