Abstract
A major transport process in soils is hydrodynamic dispersion which
affects the spreading and arrival of surface-applied pollutants at
underlying groundwater reservoirs. When a soil is unsaturated,
hydrodynamic dispersion is very much affected by soil water saturation.
Centimeter-scale and decimeter-scale column experiments were carried out
to explore the effects of fluid saturation and soil type on the
unsaturated soil solute dispersivity. Measured in-situ breakthrough
curves were analyzed in terms of both classical advection-dispersion and
dual-porosity (mobile-immobile) type transport equations. A clear
non-monotonic relationship was found between the dispersivity and soil
water saturation. The extent of non-monotonicity was more pronounced for
relatively coarse-textured soils compared to the finer soils. This
finding has been reported rarely before; it explains the inconsistency
of saturation-dispersivity relationships in the literature. The
relationship between solute dispersivity and water saturation proposed
herein may improve the performance of field-scale transport models for
the unsaturated zone.