Waveform Constraints on the Eurasian Lithosphere Boundary within the
Mantle Wedge above the Ryukyu Subduction beneath NE Taiwan
Abstract
We re-examine data from a deep earthquake beneath NE Taiwan as recorded
by the Formosa Array to explain mechanisms of a significant later
P phase. For 2D simulations, we set up an initial velocity
structure with (A) a high Vp anomaly in the mantle wedge
above Ryukyu subduction, and (B) a slightly high Vp
Eurasian lithosphere to the west with a sub-vertical boundary – based
on results of tomographic studies. We conclude that (1) the
small-amplitude first P phase is attributed to the energies
radiated near the nodal point of the focal mechanism and propagated
through (A), (2) those of the significant later P phase are
analogous to a head wave that propagates and generates spherical waves
along (B) that are received at the surface. Accordingly, stations of
zero delay time between the first and second P provide a
first-ever portrayal of the Eurasian lithosphere boundary by waveform
constraints.