FPGA design for on-board measurement of intermittency from in-situ
satellite data
Abstract
Intermittency is a fundamental property of space plasma dynamics,
characterizing turbulent dynamical variables as well as passive scalars.
Its qualitative and quantitative description from in-situ data requires
an accurate estimation of the probability density functions (PDFs) of
fluctuations and their moments, particularly the flatness, a normalized
fourth order moment of the PDF. Such a statistical description needs a
sufficiently large number of samples to be meaningful. Due to inherent
technological limitations (e.g. limited telemetry bandwidth) not all
samples collected on-board the spacecraft can be sent to the ground for
further analysis. Therefore, a technology designed to process on-board
the data and to compute the flatness is useful to fully exploit the
capabilities of scientific instruments installed on robotic platforms,
including nanosatellites. We designed, built and tested in laboratory
such a technology based on Field Programable Gate Arrays (FPGA) . The
solution uses the FloPoCo framework with customized arithmetic
operators; the computation block is a pipelined architecture which
computes a new value of the flatness in each clock cycle. The design and
implementation achieves optimization directives of the FPGA resources
relevant for operation in space, like area, energy efficiency, and
precision. The technology was tested in laboratory using Xilinx SRL16 or
SRLC32 macros and provides correct results validated with test time
series provided by magnetic field data collected in the solar wind by
ACE spacecraft. The characteristics and performance of the laboratory
prototype pave the way for a space qualified version.