Abstract
The Martian ionosphere, modulated by the solar wind from the topside and
remnant crustal magnetic fields close to the surface, possesses unique
structures different from Earth and Venus. Integrated observations by
the plasma and magnetic field instruments onboard the Mars Atmosphere
and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft show evidence of ionospheric
plasma depletions, independent of seasonal variations at Mars. During
such depletions, the density of all ionospheric ion species is reduced
by more than an order of magnitude, and, at the same time, the electron
temperature increases abruptly. An automated algorithm for the
identification of such plasma depletions is developed. Altogether, as
many as 1177 events are identified in 8618 orbits available from October
2014 to May 2021. A statistical investigation of these events reveals
that they are more prominent on the nightside. Their higher occurrence
in the southern hemisphere suggests a possible relation to the crustal
magnetic fields. While the dayside events occur mainly at altitudes
above about 200 km, nightside event altitudes are typically lower.
Considering the relation between spacecraft velocity and observed event
duration, we suggest that the depletions are bubble-like structures,
more elongated horizontally than vertically. A possible mechanism of
their formation is discussed.