Moist Potential Vorticity Diagnosis of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary
Layer: Influence of Roll Vortices
Abstract
Physical processes determining the dynamic and thermodynamic structure
of a tropical cyclone boundary layer (TCBL) are quite different from
anywhere else in the atmospheric boundary layer due to the substantial
contribution of latent heating and frictional convergence. These
processes regulate the radial and vertical distributions of momentum and
enthalpy fluxes that are closely related to storm development and
intensification. Our current understanding of TCBL is limited by the
number of observations in this region, and a majority of the
observational studies assume an axisymmetric structure.
Three-dimensional observations and numerical studies show that
substantial asymmetric structure exists in the TCBL. This study
investigates the link between the asymmetric structure and small-scale
processes using a Moist Potential Vorticity (MPV) framework. The
simulated TCBL is uniquely characterized as a region of negative MPV
with a robust and coherent layer of high-magnitude negative MPV embedded
within, referred to as the Potential Vorticity Minimum Layer (PVML). The
PVML can interact with the local flow anomalies such as those associated
with roll vortices provided they are vertically collocated. The
small-scale dynamical processes set the thermodynamic structure inside
the TCBL and this interplay modulates the height of the PVML. Since the
height of the PVML combines information about the local wind and thermal
structures using a materially conserved variable, it is a valuable proxy
to study the evolving ‘topography’ of a simulated TCBL.