The Juno Waves instrument measured plasma waves associated with Ganymede’s magnetosphere during its flyby on 7 June, day 158, 2021. Three distinct regions were identified including a wake, and nightside and dayside regions in the magnetosphere distinguished by their electron densities and associated variability. The magnetosphere includes electron cyclotron harmonic emissions including a band at the upper hybrid frequency, as well as whistler-mode chorus and hiss. These waves likely interact with energetic electrons in Ganymede’s magnetosphere by pitch angle scattering and/or accelerating the electrons. The wake is accentuated by low-frequency turbulence and electrostatic solitary waves. Radio emissions observed before and after the flyby likely have their source in Ganymede’s magnetosphere.

Titan’s ionosphere hosts a globally distributed non-trivial dusty ion-ion plasma, providing an environment for studies of dusty ionospheres that is in many aspects unique in our solar system. Thanks to the Cassini mission, Titan’s ionosphere also features one of the largest dusty plasma datasets from 126 flybys of the moon over 13 years, from 2004 to 2017. Recent studies have shown that negatively charged dust dramatically alters the electric properties of plasmas, in particular planetary ionospheres. Utilizing the full plasma content of the moon’s ionosphere (electrons, positive ions and negative ions/dust grains), we derive the electric conductivities and define the conductive dynamo region. Our results show that using the full plasma content increases the Pedersen conductivities at ~1300 km altitude by 20% compared to the earlier estimates without charged dust, while the Hall conductivities indicate a reverse Hall effect at ~900 km altitude (closest approach) and below. The dayside conductivities are shown to be factor ~7-9 larger than on the nightside, owing to higher dayside plasma densities.

Cassini plasma wave and charged particle observations are combined with magnetometer measurements to investigate Titan’s induced magnetosphere. Electric field emissions close to Titan are identified as upper hybrid resonance emissions, which provide a density estimate of Titan’s cold plasma. These observations have been combined with electron spectrometer measurements to build an integrated map of electron density in Titan’s near environment using observations from TA to T82 flybys, ie which includes flybys from the Cassini prime, equinox and part of the soltice mission. We identify a dense ionospheric region and an extended plasma wake with values ranging between 10-2 and 103 cm-3. Upstream of the induced magnetosphere, the presence of pickup ions in the positive hemisphere of the kronian plasma convective electric field are detected. The mass of the observed pickup corresponds to methane group ions, N2+ and HCNH+ ions as well as Titan’s protons and molecular hydrogen ions. These ions are progressively accelerated by the kronian background electric field and we estimate its intensity by reconstructing the energization of this population. We find values on the order of 0.7 mV/m , consistent with an average estimate of 0.61 mV/m deduced from ∼ |VxB| computation.