Abstract
A basin-wide significant shallow bias is found in the southern tropical
Pacific thermocline in an ensemble of models from the coupled model
intercomparison project phases 5 and 6. In contrast to observations,
where the southern thermocline is far deeper than its northern
counterpart, models have a hemispherically symmetric tropical
thermocline. The shallow thermocline bias is closely related to the well
known double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) bias, as shown by
ensemble partitioning. The physical thermocline (i.e., depth of maximal
vertical thermal gradient) is more strongly linked to the double ITCZ
bias than the commonly used 20$^\circ$C isotherm
thermocline proxy. A shallow thermocline bias is further found to be
associated with wider separation of double ITCZ peaks, stronger southern
precipitation, a stronger cold tongue, and a spurious south equatorial
counter current. Climatic implications and feedback mechanisms between
the biases are discussed.