Abstract
\justifying Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a non-linear
optimization algorithm to estimate the velocity model by fitting the
observed seismic data. With a smooth starting velocity model, FWI mainly
inverts for the shallower background velocity model by fitting the
observed direct, diving and refracted data, and updates the interfaces
by fitting the observed reflected data. As the deeper background
velocity model cannot be effectively updated by fitting the reflected
data in FWI, the deeper interfaces are less accurate than the shallower
interfaces. To update the deeper background velocity model, many
reflection-waveform inversion (RWI) algorithms were proposed to separate
the tomographic and migration components from the reflection-related
gradient. We propose a convolutional-neural-network-based
reflection-waveform inversion (CNN-RWI) to repeatedly apply the
iteratively-updated CNN to predict the true velocity model from the
smooth starting velocity model (the tomographic components), and the
high-resolution migration image (the migration components). The CNN is
iteratively updated based on the more representative training dataset,
which is obtained from the latest CNN-predicted velocity model by the
proposed spatially-constrained divisive hierarchical k-means
parcellation method. The more representative training velocity models
are, the more accurate CNN-predicted velocity model. Synthetic examples
using different portions of the Marmousi2 P-wave velocity model show
that CNN-RWI inverts for both the shallower and deeper velocity model
more accurately than the conjugate-gradient FWI (CG-FWI) does. Both the
CNN-RWI and the CG-FWI are sensitive to the accuracy of the starting
velocity model and the complexity of the unknown true velocity model.