Power-function expansion of the nondimensional complementary
relationship of evaporation: the emergence of dual attractors
Abstract
The polynomial form of the nondimensional complementary relationship
(CR) follows from an isenthalpic process of evaporation under a constant
surface available energy and unchanging wind. The exact polynomial
expression results from rationally derived first and second-order
boundary conditions (BC). By keeping the BCs, the polynomial can be
extended into a two-parameter (a and b) power function for added
flexibility. When a = b = 2 it reverts to the polynomial version. With
the help of Australian FLUXNET data it is demonstrated that the
power-function formulation excels among CR-based two-parameter models
considered, even when a = 2 is prescribed to reduce the number of
parameters to calibrate to two. The same power-function approach (a = 2)
is then employed with a combination of different gridded monthly
potential evaporation terms across Australia, while calibrating b
against the multiyear simplified water-balance evaporation rate on a
cell-by-cell basis. The resulting bi-modal histogram of the b values
peaks first near b = 2 and then at b → 1 (secondary modus), confirming
earlier findings that occasionally a linear version (i.e., b = 1) of the
CR yields the best estimates. It is further demonstrated that the linear
form emerges when regional-scale transport of moist air is negligible
toward the study area during its drying, while the more typical
nonlinear CR version prevails otherwise. A thermodynamic-based
explanation is yet to be found as to why the flexible power function
curves (i.e., b ≠ 2) converge to the polynomial one (b = 2) in such
cases.