Driven by unusually warm air in the Arctic, severe winter weather moves down south to mid-latitude areas, reflecting the complexity in the ways that climate change may affect local weather extremes. Food and agriculture have been identified as central to global efforts to adapt to climate change. However, research is notably lacking in understanding the vulnerability of farming communities to winter storms that are recognized as one of catastrophic events leading to agricultural damage and loss. This study focuses on mapping the interplay of social and physical factors (e.g. building age, farm-related income, education level, access to farming facilities) that differentiate Iowa farming communities with unequal vulnerability. Semi-structured interview was used in this study to identify the determinants of vulnerability of farming communities to winter storms. Incorporating spatial analysis and factor analysis, this study quantified the effects of physical factors on the sensitivity and exposure of winter storms, and prioritized primary livelihood capitals that determine the adaptive capacity to winter storms. Current results have demonstrated the vulnerability patterns of farming communities to winter storms shaped under varying societal-physical environments and weather conditions. This research shows implications in livelihood pathways to transforming adaptations to vulnerability reduction.