Hadean, Archean, and modern Earth: Zircon-modeled melts illuminate the
formation of Earth’s earliest felsic crust
Abstract
The magmato-tectonic environment(s) of origin for Earth’s earliest crust
are enigmatic and fiercely debated. Revealing the composition of the
melts from which Hadean (>4.02 Ga) zircons crystallized
might clarify conditions of initial crust construction. We calculate
model melts using Ti-calibrated zircon/melt partition coefficients
(KdZrc(Ti)) and published trace element data for Hadean and Archean
zircons. The same treatment is applied to zircons from possible analogue
environments (MORB, Iceland, arcs, lunar), to constrain potential
petrogenetic similarities and distinctions between the early and modern
world. Model melts from oceanic environments (MORB, oceanic arc,
Iceland) have higher heavy rare earth element (HREE) contents and
shallower middle REE (MREE) to HREE/chondrite (ch) slopes than those
from continental arcs and tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite suites
(TTGs). Hadean and Archean model melts are nearly indistinguishable from
one another, both resembling TTGs and continental arcs, with pronounced
depletion of HREE and slope reversal in heaviest REE. A limited number
of samples > 4.25 Ga yield model melts with broadly similar
characteristics to those from younger Hadean and Archean zircons, but
with relatively elevated REE (~half order of magnitude)
and higher LREE and MREE relative to HREE. Rare earth element patterns
of early Earth model melts suggest a common petrogenetic history in the
Hadean and Archean, involving garnet +/-amphibole in relatively
low-temperature, high-pressure, environments.