The Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt (QDOB) in Central China was built through prolonged subduction-accretion collision events and incorporates many exposures of exhumed ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks. We collected a large number of teleseismic and local earthquake data and performed a P-wave tomography and CCP stacking of receiver functions from this region. Our results reveal high-velocity horizontal anomalies at depths of 100-300 km beneath the QDOB, which may be related to the deep subduction or the delamination of the lower crust and lithosphere. We also imaged a low-velocity anomaly at depths of 200-400 km, which may be associated with mantle upwelling in this region. Based on a detailed analysis, we consider that the delamination of the lower crust and lithosphere might have contributed to the formation of the UHP rocks.