Abstract
Blue electric streamer discharges in the upper reaches of thunderclouds
are observed as flashes of 337.0 nm (blue) with faint or no
emissions of 777.4 nm (red). Analyzing 3 years of measurements by
the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on the
International Space Station (ISS), we find that their distribution
in rise time falls into two categories. One with fast rise times of
30 μs or less that are relatively unaffected by cloud
scattering and emanate from within ∼2 km of the cloud tops, and
another with longer rise times from deeper within the clouds. 46%
of cells generating shallow events are associated with overshooting
tops compared to 31% of cells generating deeper events. The median
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) of the cells is ∼50%
higher for the shallow events and ∼30% higher for the deeper
events than for lightning cells, suggesting the discharges are
favoured by strongly convective environments.