Observation of corona discharges and cloud microphysics at the top of
thunderstorm cells in cyclone Fani
Abstract
Blue corona discharges are bursts of streamers often observed at the top
of thunderclouds, but the cloud conditions that facilitate them are not
well known. Here we present observations by the Atmosphere-Space
Interactions Monitor of 92 corona discharges as it passed over cyclone
Fani in the Bay of Bengal. The discharges formed in convective cells of
unstable air carried from land over the Indian Ocean, with CAPE reaching
~6000 J kg-1. The CALIPSO satellite passed over one of
the cells ~12 min after ASIM, taking the first
measurements of the microphysics at the top of a cloud generating corona
discharges. We find the discharges occur in a region of strong
convection, the cloud reaching into the stratosphere with ice/water
content ~0.1 g m-3, photon mean free path
~ 3 m and ice crystal number density
~5e7 m-3. Measurements by a lightning detection network
suggest the charge structures are folded.