The 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazig earthquake was the largest along the Eastern Anatolian Fault (EAF) in over a century, providing valuable insights into its rupture behavior. We use satellite geodesy and seismology to detail the mainshock rupture, postseismic deformation and aftershocks. The mainshock propagated mostly westwards at 2 km/s from a nucleation point on an abrupt 10° fault bend. Only one end of the rupture corresponds to an established EAF segment boundary, and the earthquake may have propagated into the slip zone of the 1874 M 7.1 Golcuk Golu earthquake. It exhibits a pronounced (80%) shallow slip deficit, only a small proportion of which is recovered by early aseismic afterslip. The slow rupture velocity, shallow slip deficit and low afterslip are characteristic of earthquakes hosted by faults of low-to-intermediate structural maturity, indicating that faults continue to evolve in important ways even as they accrue cumulative off sets of tens of kilometers

Surface displacement data from earthquakes are essential for characterizing the fault slip distribution with depth. The Hebgen Lake earthquake was a large normal event with a geometrically complex surface rupture, which broke across mountainous terrain. This study takes advantage of high-resolution historical stereo-imagery to measure the vertical and horizontal displacement from correlation of the orthorectified pre- and post-earthquake image mosaics. The results reveal new strike-slip surface ruptures which are possibly associated with the aftershocks from 18\textsuperscript{th} August 1959. The kinematic role of these structures is likely related to the accommodation of internal deformation induced by the mainshock strain field. Additionally, the comparison of our results with the existing displacement data shows that the OIC-derived offsets often exceed the field measurements by $>$50\%. We attribute this difference to the inelastic damage accommodated off the main rupture.

The 15 May 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Range earthquake (MCRE) in Nevada, USA is the largest instrumental event in the Mina deflection, an E-trending stepover zone of highly diffuse faulting within the Walker Lane. The MCRE mostly ruptured previously unmapped faults, motivating us to characterize the behaviour of an earthquake on a structurally-immature fault. We use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data and regional GNSS offsets to model the causative faulting. Our three fault model indicates almost pure left-lateral motion in the east and normal-sinistral slip in the west. Maximum slip of 1.1 m occurs at 8-10 km depth but less than 0.2 m of slip reaches the surface, yielding a pronounced shallow slip deficit (SSD) of 86%. Our calibrated relocated hypocenters and focal mechanisms indicate that the mainshock initiated at 9 km depth and aftershock focal depths range from 1 to 11 km, helping constrain the local seismogenic thickness. We further present new field observations of fracturing and pebble-clearing that shed light on the western MCRE kinematics, revealing a paired fault system below the spatial resolution of the InSAR model. The segmented fault geometry, off-fault aftershocks with variable mechanisms, distributed surface fractures, limited long-term geomorphic features, and an estimated cumulative offset of 600-700 m, are all characteristic of a structurally-immature fault system. However, the large SSD is not unusual for an earthquake of this magnitude, and a larger compilation of InSAR models (twenty-eight Mw≥6.4 strike-slip events) shows that SSDs are not correlated with structural maturity as previously suggested.