The expanding geographic range of Phyllachora maydis, the fungus that induces Tar Spot infection on corn foliage, is increasingly threatening a Michigan industry that contributes over $1 billion to the state’s economy annually. Advances in machine learning now enable quantification of crop infection presence and severity using powerful object detection packages such as Tensorflow, Keras, and more. Tensorflow, specifically, has developed Application Programming Interface (API) tools to connect powerful object detection capabilities with streamlined usability. Foliar infection of maize by P. maydis is often difficult to detect early. Visible lesions initially appear tiny, ambiguous, and sparse, making them difficult to identify with the naked eye. Both farmers and breeders of corn desperately need better tools that allow early, definitive detection of lesions and provide more time for management decisions. This tool must verify presence of P. maydis and quantify infection severity as quickly as possible to allow growers the most options for treatment. I propose a combination of supervised machine learning using Tensorflow for custom object detection, and containerized application-development software such as Docker to create a user interface accessible on desktop or mobile devices. This application will be developed by weaving the transferrable infrastructure of Docker with the powerful machine learning platforms Tensorflow and Tensorflow Lite, thereby allowing users to analyze images using their preferred operating system. By implementing both complementary Tensorflow platforms, farmers and breeders will be afforded the choice of either capturing and analyzing one image at a time, or detecting lesions continuously in real-time.

ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-3775 The expanding geographic range of Phyllachora maydis, the fungus that induces Tar Spot infection on corn foliage, is increasingly threatening a Michigan industry that contributes over $1 billion to the state's economy annually. Foliar infection of maize by P. maydis is often difficult to detect early. Visible lesions initially appear tiny, ambiguous, and sparse, making them difficult to identify with the naked eye. Both farmers and breeders of corn desperately need better tools that allow early, definitive detection of lesions and provide more time for management decisions. This tool must verify presence of P. maydis and quantify infection severity as quickly as possible to allow growers the most options for treatment. Advances in machine learning now enable quantification of crop infection presence and severity using powerful object detection packages. With the growing availability of open-source tools, such as the Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) and PlantCV, the field of plant disease phenotyping has more options for methods than ever before. I propose comparing the accuracy of two potential pipelines to quantify tar spot infection severity: one based on heuristic methods, involving techniques such as dynamic image colorspace thresholding, and the other based on the use of annotations, such as object detection and contour analysis. Comparison of these two methods will provide insight into challenges involved with phenotyping in the field as well as phenotyping foliar diseases using automated methods.