Abstract Objective: To explore the role of acquired CFTR dysfunction and inflammatory chemokines in the development of rhinosinusitis in children. Design and setting Twenty-five children who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for acute and chronic rhinosinusitis in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 were included. Whole blood, mucosa and polyp tissues of all children were collected for study. Main outcome measures： The CFTR gene was detected by using Full-length second-generation sequencing. The expression of CFTR mRNA was measured by qRT-PCR, and the expression of inflammatory chemokines was measured by CBA. Results： There were 17 cases in the CRS group and 8 cases in the ABRS group. The expression of CFTR mRNA in the mucosa of the ABRS group was lower than that of the CRS group, and the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in the mucosa of the ABRS group was significantly higher than that of the CRS group. IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 were upregulated in polyps. Conclusion: The dysfunction of acquired CFTR and the role of neutrophil chemotactic factor are more obvious in ABRS, and may play a role in the occurrence and development of CRS polyps.