Km-Scale Simulations of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) Over South
America - A Feature Tracker Intercomparison
Abstract
Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are clusters of thunderstorms that
are important in Earth’s water and energy cycle. Additionally, they are
responsible for extreme events such as large hail, strong winds, and
extreme precipitation. Automated object-based analyses that track MCSs
have become popular since they allow us to identify and follow MCSs over
their entire life cycle in a Lagrangian framework. This rise in
popularity was accompanied by an increasing number of MCS tracking
algorithms, however, little is known about how sensitive analyses are
concerning the MCS tracker formulation. Here, we assess differences
between six MCS tracking algorithms on South American MCS
characteristics and evaluating MCSs in kilometer-scale simulations with
observational-based MCSs over three years. All trackers are run with a
common set of MCS classification criteria to isolate tracker formulation
differences. The tracker formulation substantially impacts MCS
characteristics such as frequency, size, duration, and contribution to
total precipitation. The evaluation of simulated MCS characteristics is
less sensitive to the tracker formulation and all trackers agree that
the model can capture MCS characteristics well across different South
American climate zones. Dominant sources of uncertainty are the
segmentation of cloud systems and the treatment of splitting and merging
of storms in MCS trackers. Our results highlight that comparing MCS
analyses that use different tracking algorithms is challenging. We
provide general guidelines on how MCS characteristics compare between
trackers to facilitate a more robust assessment of MCS statistics in
future studies.