Metastatic intrathyroid thymic carcinoma (ITTC) is a rare cancer that has no effective drugs. Herein, we report that comprehensive cancer mutation analysis revealed amplification of CD274 gene encoding PD-L1. Multiplex immunohistochemistry also clarified the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment via a PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in metastatic ITTC.

Autopsy was performed on a COVID-19 patient, who suddenly died despite the extensive anti-viral and anti-inflammatory therapies. Although moderate subpleural fibrosis was seen, pathology of DAD, a well-known cause for pulmonary failure, was minimum. Instead, severe hemorrhage was observed. Therapeutic effects were indicated, however why severe hemorrhage occurred was unclear.