Introduction: Gastric hypomotility (GH) is a major complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. We aimed to clarify whether additional cryoballoon ablation (CBA) of the left atrial (LA) roof is associated with GH. Methods and Results: This study included 54 patients with non-paroxysmal AF who underwent CBA for pulmonary vein isolation and of the LA roof line. GH was defined according to the results of esophagogastroscopy performed 2 days after ablation. GH was observed in 10 patients. There were significant differences in LA diameter (LAD), right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV) diameter, and the height of the LA roof from the point where the LA posterior wall and esophagus make contact between patients with (GH+) and without GH (GH–) (LAD: 41.0 [36.3–41.8] mm vs. 46.5 [42.8–50.0] mm, p<0.01; RIPV diameter: 19.7 [19.0–20.5] mm vs. 23.2 [21.2–24.9] mm, p<0.01; height of LA roof: 5.7 [5.1–6.1] mm vs. 8.8 [7.1–11.2] mm for, p<0.01, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that LA roof height was a predictor of GH. Moreover, Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders-Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) scores increased significantly 1 week after ablation (from 1.0 [0.0–2.8] to 5.0 [3.0–11.0], p=0.03) in patients with GH. Conclusion: The height of the LA roof may be a predictor of GH after CBA of the LA roof line. Additionally, GH-related symptoms may still appear 1 week after ablation.

Introduction: Detailed clinical outcomes of cryoballoon ablation of the left atrial (LA) posterior wall (LAPW) in patients with non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been fully examined. Methods: We analyzed the outcomes of 191 patients with non-paroxysmal AF, of whom 135 underwent cryoballoon ablation of the LAPW including the LA roof in addition to pulmonary vein isolation with a cryoballoon. Results: Complete conduction block at the LA roof was obtained in 97.0% (131/135) of patients and LAPW was isolated in 85.2% (115/135) of patients. Over 372 days (range, 182–450 days) of follow-up, atrial arrhythmia recurrence was observed in 55 (40.7%) patients, and atrial tachycardia (AT) recurrence accounted for 25.5% of cases. The prevalence of LA roof cryoballoon ablation tended to be higher in patients without recurrence than those with (74.3% vs. 61.8%, respectively; p=0.11), especially those with persistent AF recurrence (74.5% vs. 46.2%, p=0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that cryoballoon ablation of the LA roof was a predictor of freedom from persistent AF recurrence and that it was not associated with AT recurrence. Durable LA roof lesions were confirmed in 18 (72.0%) of 25 patients who underwent redo ablation. Conclusion: Cryoballoon ablation of the LAPW leads to a sufficient acute success rate of complete conduction block and durable lesions of the LA roof without increasing the risk of AT recurrence. The prevalence of persistent AF recurrence decreases after additional cryoballoon ablation of the LAPW in patients with non-paroxysmal AF.

Background: Contrast computed tomography (CT) is a useful tool for the detection of intracardiac thrombi. We aimed to assess the accuracy of the late-phase prone-position contrast CT (late-pCT) for thrombus detection in patients with persistent or long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: Early and late-phase pCT were performed in 300 patients with persistent or long-standing AF. If late-pCT did not show an intracardiac contrast defect (CD), catheter ablation (CA) was performed. Immediately prior to CA, intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) from the left atrium was performed to confirm thrombus absence and the estimation of the blood velocity of the left atrial appendage (LAA). For patients with CDs on late-pCT, CA performance was delayed, and late-pCT was performed again after several months following oral anticoagulant alterations or dosage increases. Results: Of the 40 patients who exhibited CDs in the early phase of pCT, six showed persistent CDs on late-pCT. In the remaining 294 patients without CDs on late-pCT, the absence of a thrombus was confirmed by ICE during CA. In all six patients with CD-positivity on late-pCT, the CDs vanished under the same CT conditions after subsequent anticoagulation therapy, and CA was successfully performed. Furthermore, the presence of residual contrast medium in the LAA on late-pCT suggested a decreased blood velocity in the LAA (≤ 15 cm/s) (sensitivity = 0.900 and specificity = 0.621). Conclusions: Late-pCT is a valuable tool for the assessment of intracardiac thrombi and LAA dysfunction in patients with persistent or long-standing persistent AF before CA.

Introduction: The “crosstalk” (CST) ablation technique has been reported to reduce unnecessary ablation during cryoballoon (CB) ablation (CBA). Nevertheless, it is unclear which situations will necessitate the adoption of the technique. Methods and Results: The effect of the technique was analyzed in AF patients underwent CBA from July 2017 to February 2020. The balloon occlusion status and nadir temperature (NT) were compared, and all ablated PVs were categorized into three groups according to the necessity and effectiveness of the technique. Of 1082 superior PVs (SPVs), 16, 40, and 1026 were identified in the CST success group, CST failure group, and control group, respectively. The proportion of SPVs ablated with complete occlusion with CB was significantly higher in the CST success group (100%) than in the CST failure group (16.7%) or control group (49.4%) (CST success group vs. CST failure group, p<0.001; CST success group vs. control group, p<0.002). The proportion of SPVs ablated with NT ≤-46°C was higher in the CST success group (100%) than in the CST failure group (56.7%) (p<0.05). The CST ablation technique was always effective if CBA of the SPVs was performed with both complete occlusion and NT ≤-46°C and was almost always ineffective if it did not meet these two criteria (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 93%). Conclusion: Successful CST ablation was highly predicted if complete PV occlusion and NT ≤-46°C during CBA of the SPVs were achieved, which could be useful when adopting the technique targeting inferior PVs to reduce unnecessary freezing during SPV isolation.