Objective To identify risk factors of early and late postpartum depression (PPD) among a wide range of variables including sociodemographic characteristics, childhood trauma, stressful life events during pregnancy, and history of personal and family psychiatric disorders; and to assess the contribution of each risk factor. Design Nested case-control in a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting Eight maternity departments in Paris metropolitan area, France. Sample 3310 women with deliveries between November 2011 and June 2016 Methods Cases were identified as women with early or late PPD. Controls were all cohort participants without either early or late PPD. Main Outcome Measures Early and late PPD are assessed respectively at 2 months and one year postpartum. Results: Stressful life events during pregnancy have a dose response relationship with both early and late PPD: each additional event increased the risk of PPD. In multivariable models, early PPD was independently associated with emotional neglect during childhood (aOR:1.6, 95%CI:1.0-2.6), stressful life event during pregnancy (aOR:1.8, 95%CI:1.4-2.4), physical concomitant chronic disease during pregnancy (aOR:1.5, 95%CI:1.0-2.1), and a history of depression (aOR:1.8, 95%CI:1.4-2.4); whereas late PPD was significantly associated with unemployment (aOR:1.8, 95%CI:1.1-2.8), emotional abuse during childhood (aOR:2.2, 95%CI:1.3-3.9), stressful life event during pregnancy (aOR:2.2, 95%CI:1.6-2.9), emergency consultation during pregnancy (aOR:1.4, 95%CI:1.0-1.8), serious postpartum complications (aOR:1.7; 95%CI:1.0-2.8) and personal and family history of mood disorder (aOR:1.5, 95%CI:1.1-2.0, and aOR:1.4, 95%CI:1.0-1.8). Conclusion: Early and late PPD presented distinct patterns of correlates, with sociodemographic, psychiatric and trauma factors. These results have important consequences in terms of prevention and specific care