javascript:void(0) Tumor patients take a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, high incidence of serious events, poor prognosis and high mortality in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, but there is still lack of supporting evidence that the COVID-19 vaccination is beneficial for tumor patients to encourage them to receive the vaccination. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shantou, China and questionnaires were collected in the hospitals from February 13,2023 to April 23,2023. Using the receiving of COVID-19 vaccination as the primary outcome, descriptive, univariate and multivariate analyses were generated.161 out of 241 patients (66.80%) had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine and 61.00% patients had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Patients with general symptoms (P = 0.013) and others (P = 0.022) had a higher proportion of non-vaccinated patients than vaccinated ones. In the multivariate analysis, age (aOR = 0.971, 95% CI 0.946-0.997, P = 0.031), the cognition of vaccines’ impact on tumor treatment (aOR = 4.475, 95% CI 1.772-11.299, P = 0.002), time since tumor diagnosis (aOR=4.586, 95% CI 2.122-9.909, P < 0.001) were identified as factors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake. COVID-19 vaccination in China brings many benefits to tumor patients, which could reduce symptoms after infection.

Background: Periostin mediates inflammation and fibrosis by regulating ECM adhesion, migration, and differentiation in multiple organ diseases. Studies have shown Periostin mainly located in the dilated mesangium, tubulointerstitial and fibrotic regions of the diabetic nephropathy, which is negatively correlated with renal function. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly explored. Methods: The expression of periostin in HK-2 cells was investigated under high glucose and high concentration of TGF-β1. The signaling pathway of periostin involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation of HK-2 cells was also validated. The expression of periostin were investigated by RT-PCR with different concentration of glucose and TGF-β1. Periostin expression in HK-2 cells stimulated by high glucose and high TGF-β1 was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The expression of E-Cad, α-SMA and p38 proteins were also detected. The effects of p38 inhibitors on periostin, E-Cad and α-SMA in high glucose environment were also investigated and verified. Results: High concentration of glucose and TGF-β1 increased the fibrosis of HK-2 cells, prompting high expression of periostin. The combined stimulation of high glucose (22 mmol/L) and high TGF-β1(10 ng/mL) upregulated the expression of periostin obviously, stimulating the expression of α-SMA and p38 while inhibiting the secretion of E-Cad. More importantly, p38 inhibitors reduced the expression of periostin and α-SMA protein while promoted E-Cad protein expression in HK-2 cells under high glucose conditions. Furthermore, p38-MAPK signal pathway was involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human renal tubules in high glucose environment. Conclusion: Periostin, a downstream factor of TGF-β1, is positively regulated by TGF-β1 under high glucose condition, affecting the epithelial-interstitial differentiation of HK-2 cells via the p38-MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, periostin may serve as a biomarker of renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Introduction: Understand the drug-resistant situation and trend of tuberculosis patients in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, from 2013 to 2022, provide a scientific basis for development of rational drug-resistant tuberculosis prevention and control strategies. Methods: All patients who were diagnosed with active tuberculosis in Guangzhou Chest Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022 were collected as study subjects, a total of 5,191 patients were enrolled in the study. The basic conditions and diagnostic and therapeutic information of the study subjects were collected. Sputum specimens were subjected to smear and isolation and culture. Culture-positive strains of bacteria were identified by bacterial groups. A total of 1,659 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates were obtained. The drug susceptibility test was used the proportionality method on the MTB isolates for nine types of anti-tuberculosis medicines,and comparatively analyzed the resistance of the strains. Results: A total of 1,659 patients with MTB were cultured, 439 were drug-resistant, 255 were mono-resistant, and 121 were poly-resistant, 62 were multidrug-resistant. The resistance rate was 26.46% (439/1659), the mono-resistance rate was 15.37 % (255/1659), and the poly-resistance rate was 7.29% (121/1659), the multidrug resistance rate was 3.74 % (62/1659) . The number (rate) of drug-resistant patients in the primary treatment was 389 [(25.63%).(389/1659）].The number (rate)of drug-resistant patients in retreatment was 50[ (35.46%) (50/1659）]. The number (rate) of multidrug-resistant patients in the primary treatment was 39 (2.57%)[(39/1659）]. The number (rate) of multidrug-resistant cases in retreatment patients was 23 [(16.31%)(23/1659）]. The resistance rate and multidrug resistance rate of isolates from retreatment patients were higher than those of isolates from primary treatment patients, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: The problem of drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission in Guangzhou needs to be focused on, and drug-resistant screening should be further increased to do a good job of controlling the source of infection.

Objective: This study aims to enhance the management of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infections by analyzing the correlation between laboratory indicators and clinical manifestations in children, thereby proposing more precise diagnostic and treatment strategies. Methods: In this retrospective study included 163 pediatric patients with EBV infections treated at the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University from December 2017 to December 2019. Data collected through retrospective analysis included gender, age, clinical symptoms, signs, liver function tests, T-cell subset distribution, EBV-DNA copy numbers in plasma and whole blood, and treatment outcomes. Patients were grouped based on EBV copy numbers and hospital stay duration to compare clinical indicators across different groups. Results: The dichotomous results of EBV plasma level showed that the two groups of children were significantly different in the number of days of fever (p= 0.0373), platelet count (p= 0.018), ALT (p= 0.0299), immunoglobulin IgM (p= 0.0323), IgG (p= 0.0299), TBiL (p= 0.0037), LDH (p< 0.001), number of CD19+ cells (p= 0.0204) and length of hospital stay (p< 0.001) were significantly different, indicating that EBV plasma levels may be correlated with these characteristic variables.The dichotomous results of the length of hospital stay showed that the two groups were significantly increased in tonsil enlargement (p= 0.0024), platelet count (p= 0.00449), LDH (p= 0.0394), CD3+ cell count (p= 0.0383), and ferritin (p= 0.0106) and EBV plasma levels (p< 0.001) were significantly different, This suggests a potential correlation between EBV plasma levels and these clinical indicators. Conclusion: Variations in platelet counts and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in children with EBV infections may serve as indicators of clinical outcomes.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between changes in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in postmenopausal women and circulating inflammatory markers. Methods: This retrospective study focused on postmenopausal women admitted to the orthopedic department of Suzhou Benq Medical Center from June 2022 to December 2023, following predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We retrospectively collected data on initial blood routine test results and bone density measurements for all study subjects upon admission, including parameters such as White Blood Cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Procalcitonin (PCT). Additionally, the Systemic Immune-inflammation Index (SII) was calculated using Neutrophil Count, Lymphocyte Count, and Platelet Count. Statistical analyses using SPSS and GraphPad software were performed to assess the correlation between bone density and inflammatory markers. Results: Patients were classified into three groups based on BMD results, including 60 individuals in the Osteoporosis (OP) group, 127 individuals in the Osteopenia (ON) group, and 37 individuals in the Normal (NO) group, respectively. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis suggested that WBC, SII, and PMOP held significant feature values. Correlation analysis indicated a correlation between WBC (P=0.021), IL-6 (P=0.044), SII (P=0.034), and PMOP. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in IL-6 (P=0.0179), SII (P=0.0210), and PCT (P=0.0200) among the three groups. Finally, ROC curve analysis demonstrated that SII (area under the curve = 0.716) has predictive value for PMOP. Conclusion: This study identified a certain predictive value for PMOP through the assessment of inflammatory markers in peripheral blood using routine blood tests.

Cerebral ischemic disease is the most common cerebrovascular disease, especially ischemic stroke. Exercise has a protective function on brain tissues following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), but its preventive effect and mechanism in CIRI remain unclear. This research aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of exercise preconditioning on CIRI. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) operation was prepared to set up CIRI rats. All rats were randomized into the MCAO, exercise (exercise preconditioning plus MCAO operation), vector (exercise preconditioning, MCAO operation plus intraventricular injection of empty vector), and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 1 overexpression (OE-TIMP1) groups (exercise preconditioning, MCAO operation plus intraventricular injection of OE-TIMP1). The results indicated that exercise preconditioning effectively suppressed the brain dysfunction and TIMP1 mRNA level in MCAO rats, which was partially offset by OE-TIMP1. Also, the attenuation of exercise on the neuron death status and the infarction size in MCAO rats was counteracted by OE-TIMP1. This study also confirmed that exercise weakened apoptosis and oxidative stress damage, with a notable increase of Bcl-2, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase production, and an evident decrease of Bax, caspase 3, and malondialdehyde in MCAO rats, while the effect was partially reversed after overexpressing TIMP1. Additionally, the down-regulation of exercise on the protein levels of TIMP1, hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, VEGF, and Notch 1 in MCAO rats was partially reversed by OE-TIMP1. Altogether, exercise preconditioning had protective effects on CIRI by restraining TIMP1. This study provides new targets and therapeutic strategies for the prevention of CIRI.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune rheumatic disorder distinguished with fibrosis and vascular injury and structural alteration, coexisting with Reynaud’s phenomenon. The crosstalk between activated fibroblasts, immune effectors, and endothelial cells are the primary culprits in disease process. Fractalkine (FKN) or CX3CL1 is an unremarkable membrane-bound soluble chemokine and an adhesion molecule expressed on pro-inflammatory cytokine. In this systematic review, FKN and its receptor’s (CX3CR1) role in mediating inflammatory processes focusing on the pathogenesis of SSc is investigated. FKN is one of the most influential molecules which monitors the trafficking of inflammatory cells through the endothelium and has been observed to have pronounced expression in inflammation. The correlation between increased CX3CL1 levels in SSc and interstitial lung disease was established, and it was noted that CX3CL1 is predominantly co-localized with infiltrating mononuclear cells and epithelia within the lungs. The interstitial lung disease prediction and its progression may be available through augmented concentrations in SSc patients. Conclusively, Emerging evidence claims that FKN could be expressed in numerous tissues, taking part in the CX3CR1 positive cell accumulation at sites of inflammation and, as a result, involved in countless rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, and scleroderma. Besides, it may play a prominent part in the SSc pathogenesis, involving vascular injury and tissue inflammation. Its estimation could be used as a serological marker for the recognition and follow-up of skin and pulmonary complications.

摘要： 破骨细胞是骨质疏松症发展不可或缺的一部分 （OP）及其在氧化应激（OS）条件下的产生 涉及多种途径。但是，通过具体机制 天然抗氧化剂山奈酚（KAE）减轻了OS的影响 破骨细胞仍然有些不确定。为了评估 KAE对OS下破骨细胞形成的影响及探讨其可能性 机制。在这项研究中，斑马鱼被用来观察 OP 和 OS 上的 KAE。 OP 和 OS“双重疾病靶点”网络 采用药理学预测KAE的作用靶点及机制 在操作系统下的 OP 上。KAE对破骨细胞分化的影响 使用 LPS 诱导的 RWA264.7 细胞评估 OS。阐明 潜在机制，为了阐明其可能的机制， 诱导过程中相关因子和靶基因的表达量为 检测。结果：KAE的存在显示出改善的潜力 斑马鱼的 OP 和 OS 状况。KAE可以降低RAW的操作系统 264.7 细胞受 LPS 刺激，抑制破骨细胞的形成，以及 改变OS相关因素水平，减少OS增加 陷阱。网络药理学和靶基因表达的利用 分析显示，KAE对 原癌基因酪氨酸蛋白激酶 （SRC） 的表达，核 因子 κ-B （NF-κB）、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶-1 （AKT1）、一氧化氮 合酶 3 （NOS3） 和基质金属肽酶-2 （MMP2）。基于这些 研究结果，可以得出结论，KAE可以有效地缓解OS和 通过 SRC/NF-ΚB-AKT/NOS3 阻碍破骨细胞的形成 轴。

Pirfenidone has evinced noteworthy anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic efficacy in both animal models and in some clinical trials. Its pronounced potential for antifibrotic activity makes pirfenidone a compelling prospect for the treatment of various fibrotic diseases. Pirfenidone has several pleiotropic and anti-inflammatory mechanism of action through different molecular pathways. Consequently, it attenuates multiple inflammatory processes, including the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and fibroblast activation. Extensively studied for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pirfenidone has exhibited a favorable impact, and represents part of the current treatment for this disease. In similar fibrotic diseases such as interstitial lung disease, myocardial fibrosis, glomerulopathies, aberrant skin scarring, chronic liver disease, and other fibrotic disorders, pirfenidone seems to exert a beneficial effect. Given the growing incidence of chronic fibrotic conditions, pirfenidone emerges as a potential therapeutic option for the management of these patients. Nonetheless, more clinical trials are needed to confirm its therapeutic effect. In this review, we aim to expose the current evidence of pirfenidone's effect in several fibrotic diseases.

Radiation proctitis (RP) refers to rectal injury caused by radiation treatment of pelvic and retroperitoneal malignancies, which seriously affects the treatment prognosis and life quality of cancer patients. However, effective medicine for treating RP has not found yet. Ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3) is a tetracyclic triterpene saponin monomer, which is the main bioactive component of ginseng extract. In this study, we found that GRg3 significantly improved the general condition and histopathological damage on RP rats. In addition, it has been found out that GRg3 decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α) and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10). Meanwhile, RT-qPCR and Western blot assays showed that GRg3 significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB and Caspase-8 signaling pathways. The results suggest that GRg3 may reduce the inflammatory response by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and improving the balance of inflammation-related factors. GRg3 may also inhibit intestinal cell apoptosis by suppressing the TNF-α/Caspase-8 signaling cascade, thereby reducing radiological rectal injury. Therefore, ginsenoside Rg3 may be a promising therapeutic agent for RP.

Background: For a long time, the prevailing viewpoint suggests that shorter telomere contribute to chromosomal instability, which is a shared characteristic of both aging and cancer. The newest research presented that T cell immune deficiency rather than chromosome instability predisposes patients with short telomere syndromes to some cancers. However, the relationship between genetically determined telomere length and immune cells remains unclear. Methods: The two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to elucidate the potential causal relationship. The genetic data of telomere length and the quantity of lymphocytes were obtained from the Genome-Wide Association Study. The inverse variance-weighted method was used to estimate the effects primarily and another four methods were as a supplement. Relevant sensitivity analysis was used to test the results. Results: The IVW method showed a significant correlation between telomere length and the percentage of T lymphocytes (OR: 1.222, 95% CI: 1.014-1.472, P = 0.035), indicating that short telomere length significantly increases the risk of low T cell percentage. Further analysis of T cell subsets indicated that shorter telomere length may primarily lead to a lower proportion of Natural Killer T cells (OR: 1.574, 95% CI: 1.281-1.935, P < 0.001). Analysis of B cell subsets revealed that shorter telomere length may be associated with a higher proportion of Naive-mature B cells, and a lower proportion of Memory B cells. And the sensitivity analysis indicated the validity and robustness of our findings. Conclusion: In summary, a causal relationship existed between telomere length and the quantity and differentiation of immune cells. Specifically, genetically predicted shorter telomere length was found to increase the risk of occurrence of immunosuppression and immunodeficiency.

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine the proportion of CD161 on CD56+Natural Killer(NK) cells in peripheral blood of primary Sjögren’s syndrome(pSS) and investigate its clinical relevance of pSS. Methods:The proportion of CD56+NK cells and CD161 on CD56+NK cells was detected by flow cytometry in 31 pSS patients and 29 healthy controls (HCs). The correlations between proportion of CD161+CD56+NK cells and clinical features and disease activity of pSS were further analysed. Meanwhile, we drew the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve to evaluate the diagnostic value of CD161+CD56+NK cells in pSS. Results: The proportion of CD56+ NK cells and CD161+CD56+NK cells decreased markly in pSS patients compared to HCs. The correlation analysis showed that proportion of CD161+CD56+NK cells negatively correlated with WBC,IgA,IgM,IgG,ESSRPI and ESSDAI,and positively correlated with complement C4.The proportion of CD161+CD56+NK cells in pSS patients with decayed tooth, fatigue, arthralgia, skin involvement, primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),interstitial lung disease(ILD), anti-SSA/Ro60 positive, anti-SSB positive and high IgG was lower than that in negative patients. Furthermore, compared with innactive patients,the proportion of CD161+CD56+NK cells decreased obviously in active patients. The area under the curve(AUC)was 0.7375(P=0.0016),the results indicated that CD161+CD56+NK cells had certain diagnostic value for pSS. Conclusion: This study suggested that the proportion of CD56+NK cells and CD161+CD56+NK cells decreased significantly in pSS patients,and the proportion of CD161+CD56+NK cells negatively associated with the clinical features and disease activity of pSS patients. The CD161+CD56+NK cells may present as a potential target for therapy and a biomarker of disease activity in pSS .

Background: Vaccination is one of the effective measures to prevent latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from developing into active tuberculosis (TB). Applying bioinformatics methods to pre-evaluate the biological characteristics and immunogenicity of vaccines can improve the efficiency of vaccine development. Objectives: To evaluate the immunogenicity of tuberculosis vaccine W541 and explore the application of bioinformatics technology in tuberculosis vaccine research. Methods: This study concatenated the immunodominant sequences of Ag85A, Ag85B, Rv3407, and Rv1733c to construct the W541 DNA vaccine. Then, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the physicochemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and population coverage of the vaccine, identify its epitopes, and perform molecular docking with MHC alleles and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of the host. Finally, the immunogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated through animal experiments. Results: the W541 vaccine protein is a soluble cytoplasmic protein with a half-life of 1.1 hours in vivo and an instability index of 45.37. It has good antigenicity and wide population coverage without allergenicity and toxicity. It contains 138 HTL epitopes, 73 CTL epitopes, 8 linear and 14 discontinuous epitopes of B cells, and a strong affinity for TLR4. Immune simulations showed it could effectively stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Animal experiments have confirmed that the W541 DNA vaccine could effectively activate the Th1- and Th17-type immune responses, producing high levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A, but could not significantly increase antibody levels. Conclusion: the W541 DNA vaccine can induce strong cellular immune responses. However, further optimization of the vaccine design is needed to make the expressed protein more stable in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis could reveal vaccines’ physicochemical and immunological information, which is critical for guiding vaccine design and development.

The prospect of preventing HIV infection with broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) has generated unprecedented enthusiasm in the scientific community and hope among people living with HIV around the world. HIV bNAbs could be a game changer in the prevention of HIV acquisition. Some of these bNAbs are being tested in early phase clinical trials, and the debate is now about the priorities for strategic large-scale efficacy trials. The prevailing view is that only a fixed combination of at least three bNAbs could prevent HIV, regardless of target populations or routes of transmission. We propose an alternative strategy consisting of evaluating the tolerability and efficacy of one or two bNAbs cocktails tailored to different target populations and indications. The rationale for this alternative strategy is based on ethical, pathophysiological and practical facts and is illustrated by the possibility of preventing HIV transmission through breastfeeding in high incidence/prevalence areas such as southern Africa. There is a prospect of eliminating paediatric HIV acquisition through breastfeeding by using single/dual long-acting bNAb regimens.

To explore peripheral blood indicators that may serve as early indicators for MDR infections in this demographic, with the goal of providing reference suggestions for the clinical prevention of MDR infections in elderly inpatients. (2) Methods: Clinical data of patients were divided into the MDR-infected group (n=488) and the MDR-uninfected group (n=233) according to the results of drug sensitivity experiments, Risk factors for MDR infection and peripheral blood indicators related to MDR infections were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression in conjunction with the construction of a CHAID decision tree model, considering statistical significance at P-value<0.05. (3) Results: Univariate and multivariate regression analyses revealed that prolonged hospitalization, use of antibiotics pre-admission, duration on antibiotics, invasive procedures or recent surgery, and coexisting lung disease were independent risk factors for contracting MDR. Subsequent analysis comparing the aforementioned influences with peripheral blood cells revealed associations between the number of antibiotic treatment days and increased PLR, NLR, neutrophils, decreased lymphocytes, and increased eosinophils; pre-admission antibiotic use correlated with increased PLR, NLR, neutrophils, and decreased lymphocytes; and invasive manipulation or surgery correlated with increased PLR and NLR. (4) Conclusions: Elevated NLR, PLR, neutrophils, lowered lymphocytes, and eosinophils may serve as early indicators of MDR infections in elderly hospitalized patients.

Methods: In this study, the major antigen genes P1a of MP adhesion factor P1(3862-4554 bases) and P30a of P30(49-822 bases) were inserted into the nonstructural protein (NS) gene of Influenza A virus strain A/Puerto Rio/8/34(H1N1), PR8 for short, to construct the recombinant vectors NS-P1a or NS-P30a. The recombinant pHW2000 plasmids containing NS-P1a or NS-P30a were co-transfected with the rest 7 fragments of PR8 into HEK293T cells. After inoculating chicken embryos, the recombinant influenza viruses rFLU-P1a and rFLU-P30a were rescued. RT-PCR and sequencing were used to identify the recombinant viruses. The hemagglutination titers of rFLU-P1a and rFLU-P30a were determined after 5 successive generations in chicken embryos so as to indicate the genetic stability of the recombinant viruses. The morphology of recombinant influenza viruses was observed under electron microscopy. Results: P1a or P30a was designed to be inserted into the modified NS gene sequence separately and synthesized successfully. RT-PCR identification of the recombinant viruses rFLU-P1a and rFLU-P30a showed that P1a (693bp), P30a (774bp), NS-P1a (1992bp) and NS-P30a (2073bp) bands were found, and the sequencing results were correct. After 5 successive generations, each virus generation has a certain hemagglutination titer(from 1:32 to 1:64), and the band of P1a or P30a can be seen in the corresponding positions. The virus particles under the electron microscope appeared as spheres or long strips connected by several particles, revealing a complete viral membrane structure composed of virus lipid bilayer, hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and matrix proteins. Conclusion: The recombinant viruses rFLU-P1a and rFLU-P30a which carried the advantaged immune regions of the P1 and P30 genes in MP were successfully constructed and identified. The genetic stability of rFLU-P1a or rFLU-P30a was relatively high. The typical morphology of influenza virus was observed under the electron microscope. Our research provided a foundation for the further development of MP vaccines for human.

Tumor immunotherapy has become an important adjuvant therapy after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In recent years, the role of tumor-associated antigen (TAA) in tumor immunotherapy has become increasingly prominent. Cancer-testis antigen (CTA) is a kind of TAA that is highly restricted in a variety of tumors and can induce an immune response. The expression of CTA affects the occurrence, development, and prognosis of ovarian cancer and is closely related to tumor immunity. This review outlines a comprehensive of overview the regulatory mechanism, immunogenicity, clinical expression significance, tumorigenesis, and application prospects of CTA in ovarian cancer, all of which can provide novel insights in the improvement of diagnosis and treatment for ovarian cancer.

Background: In addition to the elimination diet, dietary composition may influence disease severity in patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) through modulation of the immune response. Aim: To explore the immunomodulatory role of nutrition before and during elimination diet in adult EoE patients. Methods: Nutritional intake was assessed in 39 Dutch adult EoE patients participating in the Supplemental Elemental Trial (SET) using 3-day food diaries. In this randomized controlled trial, diagnosed patients received either a four-food elimination diet alone (FFED) or FFED with addition of an amino acid-based formula for six weeks. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess associations between the intake of nutrients and food groups per 1000 kCal and peak eosinophil count/High Power Field (PEC), both at baseline and after six weeks. Results: At baseline, we found a statistically significant negative (thus favorable) relationship between the intake of protein, total fat, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin B12, folate and milk products and PEC (p<0.05), while calcium (p=0.058) and full fat cheese/curd (p=0.056) were borderline (favorably) significant. In contrast, total carbohydrates, prepacked fruit juice and white bread were significantly positively related to PEC (p<0.05) (unfavorable), while ultra-processed meals (p=0.059) were borderline (unfavorably) significant. After dietary intervention, coffee/tea were significantly negatively (favorably) related to PEC, hummus/legumes were significantly positively (unfavorably) related with PEC, while peanuts were borderline significantly positively related (p=0.058). Conclusion: Dietary composition may be related to inflammation in adult EoE patients. High quality and anti-inflammatory diets may be a promising adjuvant therapy in the dietary management of EoE.