Tropical anvil cirrus are highly sensitive to ice microphysics within a
nudged global storm-resolving model
Abstract
Cirrus dominate the longwave radiative budget of the tropics. For the
first time, we quantify the variability in cirrus properties and
longwave cloud radiative effects (CREs) that arises from differences in
microphysics within nudged global storm-resolving simulations from a
single model. Nudging allows us to compute radiative biases precisely
using coincident satellite measurements and to fix the large-scale
dynamics across our set of simulations and isolate the influence of
microphysics. We run five-day simulations with four commonly-used
microphysics schemes of varying complexity (SAM1MOM, Thompson, M2005 and
P3) and find that the tropical average longwave CRE varies over 20 W
m$^{-2}$ between schemes. P3 best reproduces observed longwave
CRE. M2005 and P3 simulate cirrus with realistic frozen water path but
unrealistically high ice crystal number concentrations which commonly
hit limiters and lack the variability and dependence on frozen water
content seen in aircraft observations. Thompson and SAM1MOM have too
little cirrus.